{"id":8234111,"date":"2026-10-24T17:27:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234111"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:32:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:32:56","slug":"absolutgivare-eller-pulsgivare","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/guider\/absolutgivare-eller-pulsgivare\/","title":{"rendered":"Absolutgivare eller pulsgivare? S\u00e5 v\u00e4ljer du r\u00e4tt encoder"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Absolutgivare eller pulsgivare? S\u00e5 v\u00e4ljer du r\u00e4tt encoder<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">En pulsgivare, eller encoder, talar om hur en axel roterar: hur fort, \u00e5t vilket h\u00e5ll och i vilket l\u00e4ge. H\u00e4r g\u00e5r vi igenom skillnaden mellan inkrementella och absoluta givare, singleturn och multiturn, gr\u00e4nssnitt och mekanik.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Kort svar<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Inkrementell pulsgivare<\/b> \u2013 ger pulser n\u00e4r axeln roterar. Enkel och prisv\u00e4rd f\u00f6r varvtal och relativ position, men tappar l\u00e4get n\u00e4r str\u00f6mmen bryts.<\/li>\n<li><b>Absolutgivare<\/b> \u2013 ger en unik kod f\u00f6r varje l\u00e4ge. Vet var axeln st\u00e5r direkt vid uppstart, utan referensk\u00f6rning.<\/li>\n<li><b>Singleturn eller multiturn<\/b> \u2013 singleturn h\u00e5ller reda p\u00e5 l\u00e4get inom ett varv, multiturn r\u00e4knar \u00e4ven antalet varv.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gr\u00e4nssnittet styr valet<\/b> \u2013 HTL eller TTL f\u00f6r pulser, SSI eller BiSS f\u00f6r snabb positionsdata, CANopen, PROFINET eller EtherCAT f\u00f6r n\u00e4tverk.<\/li>\n<li><b>Magnetisk eller optisk<\/b> \u2013 magnetisk t\u00e5l st\u00f6tar, fukt och smuts b\u00e4st, optisk ger h\u00f6gst uppl\u00f6sning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Vad \u00e4r en pulsgivare?<\/h2>\n<p>En roterande givare, ofta kallad pulsgivare, vridgivare eller encoder, sitter p\u00e5 en motoraxel, ett hjul eller en vals och omvandlar r\u00f6relsen till elektriska signaler. Styrsystemet anv\u00e4nder dem f\u00f6r att reglera varvtal, m\u00e4ta l\u00e4ngd eller positionera en axel.<\/p>\n<p>Det finns tv\u00e5 huvudtyper. En inkrementell givare talar om att axeln har r\u00f6rt sig och hur mycket. En absolutgivare talar om var axeln st\u00e5r. Skillnaden m\u00e4rks tydligast n\u00e4r str\u00f6mmen bryts.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-pulsgivare-f1-sv.webp\" alt=\"Tv\u00e5 kodskivor. Den inkrementella har ett j\u00e4mnt streckm\u00f6nster och en referensmarkering. Den absoluta har flera sp\u00e5r som ger en unik kod f\u00f6r varje vinkell\u00e4ge.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"620\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Den inkrementella givaren r\u00e4knar streck. Den absoluta l\u00e4ser en unik kod f\u00f6r varje l\u00e4ge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Inkrementell eller absolut \u2013 s\u00e5 fungerar de<\/h2>\n<h3>Inkrementell givare<\/h3>\n<p>En inkrementell givare ger ett visst antal pulser per varv, till exempel 1 024. Styrsystemet r\u00e4knar pulserna fr\u00e5n en referenspunkt. Kanalerna A och B \u00e4r f\u00f6rskjutna en kvarts period, 90\u00b0, mot varandra. Av ordningen mellan kanalerna ser styrsystemet rotationsriktningen, och genom att r\u00e4kna alla flanker f\u00e5r det fyra g\u00e5nger s\u00e5 h\u00f6g uppl\u00f6sning: 1 024 pulser blir 4 096 steg per varv. Kanal Z, nollpulsen, kommer en g\u00e5ng per varv och anv\u00e4nds som referens.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-pulsgivare-f2-sv.webp\" alt=\"Signalerna A, B och Z fr\u00e5n en inkrementell pulsgivare. A och B \u00e4r fyrkantv\u00e5gor f\u00f6rskjutna 90 grader mot varandra. Z ger en puls per varv.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"580\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>A och B \u00e4r f\u00f6rskjutna 90\u00b0. Ordningen visar riktningen, Z ger en referens per varv.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nackdelen \u00e4r att r\u00e4knaren nollst\u00e4lls om str\u00f6mmen bryts, och st\u00f6rningar kan ge extra eller saknade pulser. Maskinen m\u00e5ste d\u00e5 k\u00f6ra till ett referensl\u00e4ge innan den vet var den \u00e4r.<\/p>\n<h3>Absolutgivare<\/h3>\n<p>En absolutgivare l\u00e4ser av en unik kod f\u00f6r varje vinkell\u00e4ge. Uppl\u00f6sningen anges i bitar: 12 bitar ger 4 096 l\u00e4gen per varv, 16 bitar ger 65 536. L\u00e4get finns direkt vid start, \u00e4ven om axeln har vridits medan str\u00f6mmen var borta.<\/p>\n<p>En <b>singleturn<\/b>-givare b\u00f6rjar om varje varv och r\u00e4cker n\u00e4r r\u00f6relsen \u00e4r h\u00f6gst ett varv, till exempel en ventil eller ett vridbord. En <b>multiturn<\/b>-givare r\u00e4knar dessutom antalet varv, ofta 4 096 eller fler. Det beh\u00f6vs n\u00e4r en spindel, linvinda eller kuggst\u00e5ng g\u00f6r m\u00e5nga varv. Varven r\u00e4knas med kugghjul, med batteri eller med en s\u00e5 kallad Wiegand-tr\u00e5d, som tar energi ur sj\u00e4lva r\u00f6relsen och klarar sig utan batteri.<\/p>\n<h2>Gr\u00e4nssnitt: HTL, TTL, SSI, BiSS och f\u00e4ltbussar<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Gr\u00e4nssnitt<\/th>\n<th>Typ<\/th>\n<th>Passar f\u00f6r<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">HTL (push-pull)<\/td>\n<td>Inkrementella pulser, 10\u201330 V<\/td>\n<td>PLC-ing\u00e5ngar och r\u00e4knarkort i 24 V-milj\u00f6, god st\u00f6rt\u00e5lighet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">TTL (RS422)<\/td>\n<td>Inkrementella pulser, 5 V differentiellt<\/td>\n<td>Frekvensomriktare och servodrivningar, h\u00f6ga frekvenser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">SSI<\/td>\n<td>Absolut, seriell punkt-till-punkt<\/td>\n<td>Snabb positionsdata till PLC eller drivsystem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">BiSS C<\/td>\n<td>Absolut, seriell, \u00f6ppen och dubbelriktad<\/td>\n<td>Servomotorer och precisionsaxlar som kr\u00e4ver hastighet och diagnos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">CANopen, SAE J1939<\/td>\n<td>F\u00e4ltbuss<\/td>\n<td>Mobila maskiner med flera givare p\u00e5 samma kabel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">PROFINET, EtherCAT, EtherNet\/IP<\/td>\n<td>Industriellt Ethernet<\/td>\n<td>Fabriker d\u00e4r givaren kopplas direkt in i PLC-n\u00e4tverket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">IO-Link<\/td>\n<td>Punkt-till-punkt via M12<\/td>\n<td>Enkla positionsuppgifter med konfiguration fr\u00e5n PLC:n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>M\u00e5nga moderna givare \u00e4r programmerbara, s\u00e5 att pulstal, utg\u00e5ngstyp och r\u00e4kneriktning kan st\u00e4llas in med ett verktyg. D\u00e5 beh\u00f6ver du f\u00e4rre varianter i reservdelslagret.<\/p>\n<h2>Axel eller h\u00e5laxel, optisk eller magnetisk<\/h2>\n<p>En givare med <b>axel<\/b> kopplas till maskinens axel med en flexibel koppling som tar upp uppriktningsfel. En givare med <b>h\u00e5laxel<\/b> tr\u00e4s direkt p\u00e5 motoraxeln och h\u00e5lls fast med ett momentstag. H\u00e5laxel sparar plats och koppling, medan axelgivare \u00e4r l\u00e4tta att byta och skyddar givarens lager mot r\u00f6relser i maskinens axel.<\/p>\n<p><b>Optiska<\/b> givare l\u00e4ser en kodskiva med ljus och ger mycket h\u00f6g uppl\u00f6sning och noggrannhet, men \u00e4r k\u00e4nsliga f\u00f6r kondens, smuts och kraftiga st\u00f6tar. <b>Magnetiska<\/b> givare l\u00e4ser en magnet med en Hall- eller magnetoresistiv sensor. De t\u00e5l vibration, fukt och smuts b\u00e4ttre och \u00e4r ofta f\u00f6rstahandsvalet p\u00e5 mobila maskiner och utomhus.<\/p>\n<h2>Vilken ska jag v\u00e4lja?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Om du beh\u00f6ver \u2026<\/th>\n<th>v\u00e4lj<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">M\u00e4ta varvtal eller bandhastighet<\/td>\n<td>Inkrementell, HTL eller TTL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Veta l\u00e4get direkt efter str\u00f6mavbrott<\/td>\n<td>Absolut multiturn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">M\u00e4ta en vinkel inom ett varv<\/td>\n<td>Absolut singleturn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">\u00c5terkoppling till en servomotor<\/td>\n<td>Absolut med BiSS C eller SSI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Givare p\u00e5 mobil maskin i v\u00e4der och vind<\/td>\n<td>Magnetisk absolutgivare med CANopen eller J1939 och IP67 eller h\u00f6gre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Olika pulstal i olika maskiner<\/td>\n<td>Programmerbar inkrementell givare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Inkrementell d\u00e4r l\u00e4get m\u00e5ste finnas kvar.<\/b> Efter ett str\u00f6mavbrott m\u00e5ste maskinen referensk\u00f6ras, vilket inte alltid g\u00e5r med last p\u00e5. V\u00e4lj en absolutgivare.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fel signalniv\u00e5.<\/b> En 5 V TTL-givare ger ingen s\u00e4ker signal p\u00e5 en 24 V-ing\u00e5ng, och en HTL-givare kan skada en TTL-ing\u00e5ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Stel koppling.<\/b> Uppriktningsfel som inte tas upp av en flexibel koppling sliter ut givarens lager.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u00e5ng osk\u00e4rmad kabel.<\/b> St\u00f6rningar ger extra eller saknade pulser. Anv\u00e4nd sk\u00e4rmad, partvinnad kabel och differentiella signaler.<\/li>\n<li><b>Singleturn f\u00f6r flera varv.<\/b> Givaren b\u00f6rjar om varje varv och kan inte skilja varven \u00e5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Var anv\u00e4nds pulsgivare och absolutgivare?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fabrik och f\u00f6rpackning<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e4ngdm\u00e4tning p\u00e5 band, kapning, etikettering och synkronisering av valsar.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kranar och lyft<\/b> \u2013 lyfth\u00f6jd p\u00e5 linvindor, vridvinkel och position p\u00e5 traverser.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mobila maskiner<\/b> \u2013 styrvinkel, bomvinkel och l\u00e4ge p\u00e5 redskap.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energi<\/b> \u2013 bladvinkel och girning i vindkraftverk, vinkeln p\u00e5 vridbara solpaneler.<\/li>\n<li><b>Infrastruktur<\/b> \u2013 slussportar, \u00f6ppningsbara broar, scenmaskineri och portar.<\/li>\n<li><b>Medicinteknik<\/b> \u2013 positionering av patientbord och r\u00f6ntgenutrustning.<\/li>\n<li><b>F\u00f6rsvar<\/b> \u2013 vridning av antenner, master och sensorplattformar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pulsgivare och absolutgivare hos SCN<\/h2>\n<p>Vi har inkrementella och absoluta givare fr\u00e5n Posital, med bland annat CANopen, EtherCAT och IO-Link, programmerbara pulsgivare med HTL- eller TTL-utg\u00e5ng och varianter med IP68 och IP69K f\u00f6r mobila maskiner.<\/p>\n<h3>Exempel ur v\u00e5rt sortiment<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt\/ucd-ec00b-0016-hets-prm-sv\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pic_UCD-EC00B-0016-HETS-PRM.jpeg\" alt=\"Posital UCD-EC00B-0016-HETS-PRM Absolutgivare\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">UCD-EC00B-0016-HETS-PRM Absolutgivare<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Absolutgivare med EtherCAT f\u00f6r fabriksautomation, IP66\/IP67 och \u221240 till +85 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt\/ucd-ca01b-1216-d10d-prv-sv\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/UCD-CA01B-1216-D10D-PRV.jpeg\" alt=\"Posital UCD-CA01B-1216-D10D-PRV Absolutgivare\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">UCD-CA01B-1216-D10D-PRV Absolutgivare<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Absolutgivare med CANopen f\u00f6r mobila maskiner, IP68 och IP69K. Beh\u00e5ller l\u00e4get \u00e4ven n\u00e4r str\u00f6mmen bryts.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt\/ucd-iph00-xxxxx-0340-2rw-sv\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/UCD-S101B-0013-0340-2RW.png\" alt=\"Posital UCD-IPH00-XXXXX-0340-2RW inkrementell pulsgivare\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">UCD-IPH00-XXXXX-0340-2RW inkrementell pulsgivare<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Programmerbar pulsgivare med 1\u201316 384 pulser per varv och push-pull (HTL) eller RS422 (TTL).<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt-kategori\/produkter-sv\/sensors-sv\/absolute-encoders-sv\/\">Absolutgivare<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt-kategori\/produkter-sv\/sensors-sv\/incremental-encoders\/\">Inkrementella pulsgivare<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt-kategori\/produkter-sv\/sensors-sv\/inclination-sensors-sv\/\">Lutningsgivare<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt-kategori\/produkter-sv\/network-products-sv\/can-interfaces-sv\/\">CAN-gr\u00e4nssnitt<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/produkt-kategori\/produkter-sv\/sensors-sv\/\">Sensorer<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Os\u00e4ker p\u00e5 typ, uppl\u00f6sning eller gr\u00e4nssnitt? Ber\u00e4tta om axeln och styrsystemet, s\u00e5 hj\u00e4lper v\u00e5ra ingenj\u00f6rer dig att v\u00e4lja \u2013 du f\u00e5r svar inom 24 timmar.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/sv\/kontakt\/\">Fr\u00e5ga en ingenj\u00f6r<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Vanliga fr\u00e5gor<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan absolutgivare och inkrementell givare?<\/summary>\n<p>En inkrementell givare ger pulser som r\u00e4knas fr\u00e5n en referens och tappar l\u00e4get vid str\u00f6mavbrott. En absolutgivare ger en unik kod f\u00f6r varje l\u00e4ge och vet var axeln st\u00e5r direkt vid start.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Vad betyder PPR?<\/summary>\n<p>PPR st\u00e5r f\u00f6r pulses per revolution, pulser per varv. Med fyrfaldig avkodning av A och B ger 1 000 PPR 4 000 steg per varv.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Vad \u00e4r skillnaden mellan HTL och TTL?<\/summary>\n<p>HTL arbetar med samma sp\u00e4nning som matningen, oftast 10\u201330 V, och passar PLC-ing\u00e5ngar. TTL enligt RS422 \u00e4r en differentiell 5 V-signal som passar drivsystem och h\u00f6ga frekvenser.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Beh\u00f6ver en absolutgivare batteri?<\/summary>\n<p>En singleturn-givare beh\u00f6ver aldrig batteri. Multiturn-givare r\u00e4knar varv med kugghjul, batteri eller en Wiegand-tr\u00e5d, och kugghjul och Wiegand-teknik klarar sig utan batteri.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Vad \u00e4r SSI?<\/summary>\n<p>SSI (synkront seriellt gr\u00e4nssnitt) \u00e4r ett enkelt punkt-till-punkt-gr\u00e4nssnitt d\u00e4r styrsystemet skickar klockpulser och givaren svarar med l\u00e4get bit f\u00f6r bit. Det \u00e4r vanligt f\u00f6r absolutgivare.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En pulsgivare, eller encoder, talar om hur en axel roterar: hur fort, \u00e5t vilket h\u00e5ll och i vilket l\u00e4ge. H\u00e4r g\u00e5r vi igenom skillnaden mellan inkrementella och absoluta givare, singleturn och multiturn, gr\u00e4nssnitt och mekanik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234071,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"pulsgivare","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Absolutgivare eller pulsgivare? Skillnaden mellan inkrementell och absolut encoder, singleturn och multiturn, HTL, TTL, SSI, BiSS och f\u00e4ltbussar.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[696,697],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1011,1012,1037],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":26,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8234111","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Absolutgivare eller pulsgivare? S\u00e5 v\u00e4ljer du r\u00e4tt encoder | SCN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Absolutgivare eller pulsgivare? 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