{"id":8246363,"date":"2026-11-04T11:19:38","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T11:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8246363"},"modified":"2026-11-04T11:19:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T11:19:58","slug":"cyber-resilience-act","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/juhendid\/cyber-resilience-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) \u2013 mida ELi uued k\u00fcberturben\u00f5uded t\u00f6\u00f6stusv\u00f5rkudele t\u00e4hendavad"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) \u2013 mida ELi uued k\u00fcberturben\u00f5uded t\u00f6\u00f6stusv\u00f5rkudele t\u00e4hendavad<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">Elektrikilbis olev kommutaator, kaughoolduse ruuter ja liini k\u00f5rval asuv t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvuti on ELi m\u00f5istes n\u00fc\u00fcd \u201edigitaalelementidega tooted\u201c. Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) seab n\u00f5uded sellele, kuidas neid arendatakse, uuendatakse ja dokumenteeritakse. Siin selgitame, mis kehtib, millal see kehtib ja mida ostes k\u00fcsida.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">L\u00fchidalt<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mis:<\/b> ELi k\u00fcberkerksuse m\u00e4\u00e4rus (EL) 2024\/2847, mis kehtestab k\u00fcberturvalisuse n\u00f5uded kogu riist- ja tarkvarale, mida saab \u00fchendada v\u00f5rku v\u00f5i m\u00f5ne teise seadmega.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kes vastutab:<\/b> eelk\u00f5ige tootja. Importijad ja levitajad peavad kontrollima CE-m\u00e4rgist ja dokumentatsiooni.<\/li>\n<li><b>Millal:<\/b> aktiivselt \u00e4rakasutatud turvan\u00f5rkustest teavitamise kohustus kehtib alates 11. septembrist 2026. Muud n\u00f5uded kehtivad toodetele, mis lastakse turule alates 11. detsembrist 2027.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mida see sulle t\u00e4hendab:<\/b> CE-m\u00e4rgis hakkab h\u00f5lmama ka k\u00fcberturvalisust ja igal tootel on kindlaks m\u00e4\u00e4ratud tugiperiood, mille jooksul antakse turvauuendusi, tavaliselt v\u00e4hemalt viis aastat.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kommutaatorid ja ruuterid<\/b> loetakse \u201eolulisteks toodeteks\u201c (I klass), <b>tulem\u00fc\u00fcrid<\/b> kuuluvad II klassi, mille puhul on n\u00f5utav kolmanda osapoole hindamine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Mis on Cyber Resilience Act?<\/h2>\n<p>CRA on esimene ELi \u00f5igusakt, mis kehtestab k\u00fcberturvalisuse n\u00f5uded otse toodetele, samamoodi nagu madalpinge- ja EM\u00dc-direktiiv kehtestavad n\u00f5uded elektriohutusele ja h\u00e4iretele. M\u00e4\u00e4rus j\u00f5ustus 10. detsembril 2024 ja kehtib kogu ELis, ilma et riigid peaksid oma seadusi kirjutama.<\/p>\n<p>See h\u00f5lmab k\u00f5ike, millel on \u201edigitaalelemendid\u201c ja mida saab \u00fchendada v\u00f5rku v\u00f5i m\u00f5ne teise seadmega: kommutaatorid, ruuterid, l\u00fc\u00fcsid, t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvutid, operaatoripaneelid, v\u00f5rku \u00fchendatud andurid ja nendega kaasas olev tarkvara. Erandid kehtivad valdkondadele, millel on juba oma reeglid, n\u00e4iteks meditsiiniseadmed, s\u00f5idukid, tsiviillennundus ja laevavarustus.<\/p>\n<h2>Ajatelg<\/h2>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/scn-guide-cra-f1-et.webp\" alt=\"Cyber Resilience Act ajatelg: j\u00f5ustus 10. detsembril 2024, teavitatud asutusi k\u00e4sitlevad s\u00e4tted alates 11. juunist 2026, aktiivselt \u00e4rakasutatud turvan\u00f5rkustest teavitamine alates 11. septembrist 2026 ja k\u00f5ik n\u00f5uded alates 11. detsembrist 2027\" width=\"1520\" height=\"500\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Teavitamiskohustus kehtib juba. Muud n\u00f5uded kehtivad toodetele, mis lastakse turule alates 11. detsembrist 2027.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Enne 11. detsembrit 2027 turule lastud tooteid v\u00f5ib edasi m\u00fc\u00fca ja kasutada. Tootja teavitamiskohustus kehtib aga juba praegu, ka nende puhul.<\/p>\n<h2>Mida CRA tootjalt n\u00f5uab?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Turvaline algusest peale:<\/b> riskihindamine, tarnimisel puuduvad teadaolevad turvan\u00f5rkused, turvalised vaikes\u00e4tted ilma vaikeparoolideta ning andmete ja juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su kaitse.<\/li>\n<li><b>Turvan\u00f5rkuste k\u00e4sitlemine kogu tugiperioodi v\u00e4ltel:<\/b> viivitamatud turvauuendused, kanal turvan\u00f5rkustest teatamiseks ja tarkvarakomponentide loetelu (SBOM).<\/li>\n<li><b>Tugiperiood:<\/b> tootja peab m\u00e4rkima, kui kaua toode turvauuendusi saab. See peab vastama eeldatavale kasutusajale ja on tavaliselt v\u00e4hemalt viis aastat.<\/li>\n<li><b>Teavitamine:<\/b> aktiivselt \u00e4rakasutatud turvan\u00f5rkustest ja rasketest intsidentidest teavitatakse ENISAt \u2013 varajane hoiatus 24 tunni jooksul, teade 72 tunni jooksul ja seej\u00e4rel l\u00f5pparuanne.<\/li>\n<li><b>Dokumentatsioon:<\/b> tehniline dokumentatsioon, ELi vastavusdeklaratsioon ja CE-m\u00e4rgis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trahvid v\u00f5ivad ulatuda 15 miljoni euroni v\u00f5i 2,5 protsendini \u00fclemaailmsest k\u00e4ibest.<\/p>\n<h2>I klass, II klass ja kriitilised tooted<\/h2>\n<p>Enamik tooteid kuulub standardkategooriasse, kus tootja ise hindab, kas n\u00f5uded on t\u00e4idetud. Turvalisuse seisukohast olulisemad tooted on loetletud \u201eoluliste toodetena\u201c.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kategooria<\/th>\n<th>N\u00e4ited t\u00f6\u00f6stusv\u00f5rkudest<\/th>\n<th>Hindamine<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Standardne<\/td>\n<td>Protokollil\u00fc\u00fcsid, I\/O-moodulid, andurid, enamik t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvuteid<\/td>\n<td>Tootja ise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Oluline, I klass<\/td>\n<td>Kommutaatorid, ruuterid, VPN-funktsiooniga tooted, v\u00f5rguhalduss\u00fcsteemid, operatsioonis\u00fcsteemid<\/td>\n<td>Tootja ise, kui harmoneeritud standardeid j\u00e4rgitakse t\u00e4ielikult, muidu kolmas osapool<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Oluline, II klass<\/td>\n<td>Tulem\u00fc\u00fcrid, sissetungi tuvastamise s\u00fcsteemid<\/td>\n<td>Alati kolmas osapool<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Kriitiline<\/td>\n<td>Muu hulgas kiipkaardid ja arukate elektriarvestite l\u00fc\u00fcsid<\/td>\n<td>Eraldi sertifitseerimine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>See, millisesse kategooriasse toode kuulub, s\u00f5ltub selle p\u00f5hifunktsioonist. Tulem\u00fc\u00fcriga turvalist ruuterit v\u00f5idakse seega hinnata teisiti kui lihtsat kommutaatorit. K\u00fcsi tootjalt, kuidas nad toote on klassifitseerinud.<\/p>\n<h2>Mis puutub siia IEC 62443?<\/h2>\n<p>IEC 62443 on t\u00f6\u00f6stusautomaatikas\u00fcsteemide k\u00fcberturvalisuse v\u00e4ljakujunenud standardisari. Komponentide ostja jaoks on eriti huvitavad kaks osa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>IEC 62443-4-1<\/b> kirjeldab tootja turvalist arendusprotsessi: kuidas tooteid projekteeritakse, testitakse ja hooldatakse.<\/li>\n<li><b>IEC 62443-4-2<\/b> esitab komponendile endale tehnilised turvan\u00f5uded nelja turvatasemega (SL 1\u20134).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>IEC 62443 ei ole sama mis CRA ja EL t\u00f6\u00f6tab m\u00e4\u00e4ruse jaoks v\u00e4lja oma harmoneeritud standardid. N\u00f5uded kattuvad siiski suurel m\u00e4\u00e4ral. Tootja, kes on juba sertifitseeritud IEC 62443-4-1 j\u00e4rgi ja kelle tooted on sertifitseeritud 62443-4-2 j\u00e4rgi, on j\u00f5udnud kaugele.<\/p>\n<h2>Mida tarnijalt k\u00fcsida?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Kuus k\u00fcsimust tarnijale<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Klassifikatsioon:<\/b> kuidas olete toote CRA j\u00e4rgi klassifitseerinud ja millal saab see m\u00e4\u00e4ruse kohase CE-m\u00e4rgise?<\/li>\n<li><b>Tugiperiood:<\/b> kui kaua toode turvauuendusi saab ja kuidas neid tarnitakse?<\/li>\n<li><b>Turvan\u00f5rkused:<\/b> kuidas me teile turvan\u00f5rkusest teatame ja kuidas te uutest teavitate (turvateated, PSIRT)?<\/li>\n<li><b>SBOM:<\/b> kas toote tarkvarakomponentide kohta on olemas loetelu?<\/li>\n<li><b>IEC 62443:<\/b> kas arendusprotsess v\u00f5i toode on sertifitseeritud 62443-4-1 ja 4-2 j\u00e4rgi?<\/li>\n<li><b>Varasemad tarned:<\/b> kas enne 2027. aasta detsembrit ostetud tooted saavad edaspidi uuendusi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Kui ehitad masinaid v\u00f5i seadmestikke<\/h2>\n<p>Kui paigaldad kommutaatori v\u00f5i t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvuti masinasse, mida m\u00fc\u00fcd ELis, ei muutu masin automaatselt CRA-tooteks \u2013 m\u00e4\u00e4rusele peavad vastama komponendid. Masina kui terviku ohutuse eest vastutad aga sina. Uus masinam\u00e4\u00e4rus (EL) 2023\/1230, mida kohaldatakse alates 20. jaanuarist 2027, n\u00f5uab muu hulgas kaitset manipuleerimise eest, mis v\u00f5ib p\u00f5hjustada ohtlikke olukordi. Seep\u00e4rast vali pika tugiperioodi ja dokumenteeritud turvan\u00f5rkuste k\u00e4sitlusega komponendid ning planeeri, kuidas uuendusi l\u00f5ppkliendi juures tehakse.<\/p>\n<p>Kui m\u00fc\u00fcd tarkvara v\u00f5i digitaalelementidega toodet oma nime all, loetakse tootjaks sind ennast.<\/p>\n<h2>Levinud vead<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Ootamine 2027. aastani.<\/b> Teavitamiskohustus kehtib juba ning p\u00e4rast 2027. aasta detsembrit tarnitavad projektid tuleks juba n\u00fc\u00fcd planeerida CRA-m\u00e4rgisega komponentidega.<\/li>\n<li><b>CE-m\u00e4rgise ja k\u00fcberturvalisuse segiajamine.<\/b> Praegune CE-m\u00e4rgis k\u00fcberturvalisust ei h\u00f5lma. Seda teeb see alles CRA-ga.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tugiperioodi unustamine.<\/b> Kommutaator, mis peab seadmestikus t\u00f6\u00f6tama 15 aastat, vajab uuendusi kauem kui kontorikommutaator. V\u00f5rdle tugiperioodi, mitte ainult hinda.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vaikes\u00e4tete muutmata j\u00e4tmine.<\/b> Ka CRA-m\u00e4rgisega toode tuleb \u00f5igesti seadistada: vaheta paroolid, sulge kasutamata pordid ja teenused ning jaga v\u00f5rk tsoonideks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>SCN-i v\u00f5rgutooted<\/h2>\n<p>Meie kommutaatorite, ruuterite ja t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvutite tootjad valmistuvad CRA-ks. N\u00e4iteks Moxa on sertifitseeritud IEC 62443-4-1 j\u00e4rgi ja tal on IEC 62443-4-2 j\u00e4rgi sertifitseeritud tooteid. Levitajana kontrollime, et toodetel oleks \u00f5ige CE-m\u00e4rgis ja dokumentatsioon, ning edastame sulle tootjate turvateavet. K\u00fcsi meilt konkreetse toote tugiperioodi ja CRA-staatuse kohta.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e4iteid meie tootevalikust<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/eds-4008-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/moxa-eds-4008-series-image-2.jpeg\" alt=\"Moxa EDS-4008 hallatav kommutaator\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Moxa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">EDS-4008 hallatav kommutaator<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Hallatav kommutaator EDS-4000 seeriast, sertifitseeritud IEC 62443-4-2 j\u00e4rgi.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/edr-g9010-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/moxa-edr-g9010-main.webp\" alt=\"Moxa EDR-G9010 turvaline 10 pordiga gigabitine ruuter\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Moxa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">EDR-G9010 turvaline gigabitine ruuter<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Ruuter, tulem\u00fc\u00fcr ja kommutaator \u00fches, sertifitseeritud IEC 62443-4-2 j\u00e4rgi tasemel SL2.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/tn-4900-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/moxa-tn-4900-main.webp\" alt=\"Moxa TN-4900 turvaline M12-ruuter veeremile\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Moxa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">TN-4900 turvaline M12-ruuter<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">M12-liitmikega turvaline ruuter rongidele ja s\u00f5idukitele, sertifitseeritud IEC 62443-4-2 j\u00e4rgi tasemel SL2.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/network-products-et\/ethernet-et\/managed-switches-et\/\">Hallatavad kommutaatorid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/network-products-et\/\">V\u00f5rgutooted<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/industrial-computers-et\/\">T\u00f6\u00f6stusarvutid<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Kas soovid teada konkreetse toote CRA-staatust ja tugiperioodi? K\u00fcsi meie inseneridelt \u2013 saad vastuse 24 tunni jooksul.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/kontakt\/\">K\u00fcsi insenerilt<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Korduma kippuvad k\u00fcsimused<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas CRA kehtib juba paigaldatud toodete kohta?<\/summary>\n<p>Ei, n\u00f5uded kehtivad toodetele, mis lastakse turule alates 11. detsembrist 2027. Paigaldatud seadmeid ei pea v\u00e4lja vahetama. Tootjad peavad aga juba praegu teavitama aktiivselt \u00e4rakasutatud turvan\u00f5rkustest ka vanemates toodetes.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas p\u00e4rast 2027. aasta detsembrit saab osta CRA-m\u00e4rgiseta kommutaatoreid?<\/summary>\n<p>Enne seda kuup\u00e4eva turule lastud tooteid v\u00f5ib edasi m\u00fc\u00fca, n\u00e4iteks laost. P\u00e4rast seda kuup\u00e4eva turule lastavad tooted peavad vastama CRA-le.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Millisesse CRA klassi t\u00f6\u00f6stuslik kommutaator kuulub?<\/summary>\n<p>I klassi. Ruuterid, modemid ja kommutaatorid loetakse olulisteks toodeteks, mis t\u00e4hendab rangemaid n\u00f5udeid selle kohta, kuidas tootja t\u00f5endab toote vastavust n\u00f5uetele. Tulem\u00fc\u00fcrifunktsiooniga ruuter v\u00f5ib kuuluda II klassi.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas piisab, kui toode on sertifitseeritud IEC 62443 j\u00e4rgi?<\/summary>\n<p>Mitte automaatselt. IEC 62443 h\u00f5lmab suurt osa samadest n\u00f5uetest ja on tugev m\u00e4rk sellest, et tootja v\u00f5tab turvalisust t\u00f5siselt, kuid formaalselt loeb CRA kohane CE-m\u00e4rgis.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas CRA kehtib \u00dchendkuningriigis ja Norras?<\/summary>\n<p>CRA on ELi m\u00e4\u00e4rus ja kehtib otse ELi liikmesriikides. See on m\u00e4rgitud EMP-s kohaldatavaks ja eeldatavasti saab sellest osa EMP lepingust, kuid 2026. aasta novembris ei olnud see veel Norra \u00f5igusesse \u00fcle v\u00f5etud. \u00dchendkuningriigil on oma reeglid. Kes m\u00fc\u00fcb ELi, peab igal juhul vastama CRA-le.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<p><small>See on \u00fcldine juhend, mitte \u00f5igusn\u00f5ustamine. M\u00e4\u00e4ruse t\u00e4isteksti leiad siit: <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2024\/2847\/oj\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EUR-Lex: m\u00e4\u00e4rus (EL) 2024\/2847<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elektrikilbis olev kommutaator, kaughoolduse ruuter ja liini k\u00f5rval asuv t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvuti on ELi m\u00f5istes n\u00fc\u00fcd \u201edigitaalelementidega tooted\u201c. Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) seab n\u00f5uded sellele, kuidas neid arendatakse, uuendatakse ja dokumenteeritakse. Siin selgitame, mis kehtib, millal see kehtib ja mida ostes k\u00fcsida.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8246362,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"cyber resilience act","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mida ELi Cyber Resilience Act n\u00f5uab kommutaatoritelt, ruuteritelt ja t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvutitelt, millised kuup\u00e4evad kehtivad ja mida tarnijalt k\u00fcsida. 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