{"id":8234622,"date":"2026-10-24T17:27:19","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234622"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:32:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:32:41","slug":"fotoelektrilised-andurid","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/juhendid\/fotoelektrilised-andurid\/","title":{"rendered":"Fotoelektrilised andurid \u2013 t\u00fc\u00fcbid ja kuidas \u00f5iget valida"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Fotoelektrilised andurid \u2013 t\u00fc\u00fcbid ja kuidas \u00f5iget valida<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">Fotoelektriline andur tuvastab objekte valguse abil, m\u00f5ne millimeetri kuni k\u00fcmnete meetrite kauguselt. Selles juhendis k\u00e4sitleme p\u00f5hit\u00fc\u00fcpe, l\u00e4ikivate, l\u00e4bipaistvate ja tumedate objektidega toimetulekut ning seda, millal on vaja laserkaugusandurit.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">L\u00fchike vastus<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u00e4bivalgusandur<\/b> \u2013 saatja ja vastuv\u00f5tja on teineteise vastas. Suurim ulatus ja k\u00f5ige t\u00f6\u00f6kindlam mustades tingimustes, kuid paigaldada tuleb kaks seadet.<\/li>\n<li><b>Reflektorandur<\/b> \u2013 andur ja reflektor. Juhtmestada tuleb ainult \u00fcks seade. L\u00e4ikivate objektide jaoks vali polariseeritud reflektorandur.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hajuvalgusandur<\/b> \u2013 valgus peegeldub objektilt tagasi. Vastask\u00fcljele pole midagi vaja, kuid ulatus s\u00f5ltub objekti v\u00e4rvist.<\/li>\n<li><b>Taustasummutus<\/b> \u2013 ignoreerib k\u00f5ike, mis on seadistatud kaugusest kaugemal. Parim valik, kui v\u00e4rvid varieeruvad v\u00f5i taust on hele.<\/li>\n<li><b>Laserkaugusandur<\/b> \u2013 kui vajad m\u00f5\u00f5tetulemust millimeetrites, mitte ainult sees\/v\u00e4ljas olekut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Mis on fotoelektriline andur?<\/h2>\n<p>Fotoelektrilisel anduril on valgusallikas ja vastuv\u00f5tja. Kui objekt katkestab valguse v\u00f5i peegeldab seda, l\u00fclitub v\u00e4ljund. Fotoelektrilisi andureid kasutatakse seal, kus objektid on induktiivanduri jaoks liiga kaugel, liiga v\u00e4ikesed v\u00f5i valest materjalist: kastid konveieril, pudelid, etiketid, kaubaalused v\u00f5i s\u00f5idukid v\u00e4ravas.<\/p>\n<p>Valgus on tavaliselt n\u00e4htav punane, mis teeb joondamise lihtsaks, v\u00f5i infrapunane. P\u00f5hit\u00fc\u00fcpe on neli ja valik s\u00f5ltub sellest, kuidas saad andurit paigaldada ja millised objektid v\u00e4lja n\u00e4evad.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-fotocell-f1-et.webp\" alt=\"Kolm fotoelektrilise anduri t\u00fc\u00fcpi: l\u00e4bivalgusandur saatja ja vastuv\u00f5tjaga, reflektorandur anduri ja reflektoriga ning hajuvalgusandur, mille valgus peegeldub objektilt.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"460\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Kolm p\u00f5hiprintsiipi. Taustasummutus on hajuvalgusanduri variant.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>L\u00e4bivalgus-, reflektor- v\u00f5i hajuvalgusandur?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00fc\u00fcp<\/th>\n<th>Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab<\/th>\n<th>T\u00fc\u00fcpiline ulatus<\/th>\n<th>Sobib<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">L\u00e4bivalgusandur<\/td>\n<td>Saatja ja vastuv\u00f5tja on teineteise vastas. Objekt katkestab kiire.<\/td>\n<td>Kuni k\u00fcmned meetrid<\/td>\n<td>Pikad vahemaad, mustus ja tolm, v\u00e4ikesed objektid kahvelandurites<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Reflektorandur<\/td>\n<td>Andur saadab valguse reflektorile ja tuvastab, millal kiir katkeb.<\/td>\n<td>M\u00f5ni meeter<\/td>\n<td>Konveierid ja v\u00e4ravad, kus kaablit saab vedada ainult \u00fchele poole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Hajuvalgusandur<\/td>\n<td>Valgus peegeldub objektilt tagasi andurisse.<\/td>\n<td>M\u00f5nest sentimeetrist paari meetrini<\/td>\n<td>Objektid, mille vastaspoolele ei saa midagi paigaldada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Taustasummutus<\/td>\n<td>Hajuvalgusandur, mis m\u00f5\u00f5dab tagasipeegeldunud valguse nurka ja l\u00fclitub ainult seadistatud kauguse piires.<\/td>\n<td>M\u00f5nest millimeetrist paari meetrini<\/td>\n<td>Eri v\u00e4rvi objektid heleda v\u00f5i l\u00e4ikiva tausta ees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hajuvalgusandurite ulatus on antud valge v\u00f5rdluskaardi suhtes. Must objekt annab palju l\u00fchema ulatuse, m\u00f5nikord vaid murdosa sellest. Kahvelandur on l\u00e4bivalgusandur, mille saatja ja vastuv\u00f5tja on \u00fches korpuses, ning see sobib etikettide, servade ja v\u00e4ikeste detailide tuvastamiseks.<\/p>\n<h2>Taustasummutus ja laserkaugusandurid<\/h2>\n<p>Tavaline hajuvalgusandur m\u00f5\u00f5dab, kui palju valgust tagasi tuleb. Seet\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ib kaugel asuv valge objekt selle sama kergesti k\u00e4ivitada kui l\u00e4hedal asuv must objekt. Taustasummutusega anduri vastuv\u00f5tja n\u00e4eb hoopis seda, kuhu valguslaik langeb, ja andur arvutab kauguse triangulatsiooni abil. K\u00f5ike, mis j\u00e4\u00e4b seadistatud kaugusest kaugemale, ignoreeritakse, \u00fcksk\u00f5ik kui hele see ka poleks.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-fotocell-f2-et.webp\" alt=\"Taustasummutus: objektilt ja taustalt peegelduv valgus tabab vastuv\u00f5tjat eri kohtades. Andur l\u00fclitub ainult seadistatud kauguse piires olevate objektide puhul.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"600\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Taustasummutus: see, kuhu valgus vastuv\u00f5tjal langeb, otsustab, kas andur l\u00fclitub.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Laserkaugusandur l\u00e4heb sammu v\u00f5rra kaugemale ja v\u00e4ljastab kauguse v\u00e4\u00e4rtusena, n\u00e4iteks 4\u201320 mA, 0\u201310 V v\u00f5i IO-Linki kaudu. Triangulatsioon annab l\u00fchikestel kaugustel k\u00f5rge lahutusv\u00f5ime, kuni mikromeetrini. Pikemate, kuni mitme meetri pikkuste kauguste puhul m\u00f5\u00f5detakse valguse lennuaega (time of flight). 1. klassi laser on tavakasutuses silmadele ohutu.<\/p>\n<h2>Keerulised objektid: l\u00e4ikivad, l\u00e4bipaistvad ja tumedad<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>L\u00e4ikivad objektid<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e4ikiv pind v\u00f5ib valguse tagasi peegeldada ja tavalise reflektoranduri eksitada. Polariseeritud andur v\u00f5tab vastu ainult valgust, mille polarisatsiooni on reflektori prismad p\u00f6\u00f6ranud, nii et l\u00e4ikivaid pindu ignoreeritakse.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u00e4bipaistvad objektid<\/b> \u2013 klaas- ja PET-pudelid lasevad suurema osa valgusest l\u00e4bi. Kasuta l\u00e4bipaistvate objektide jaoks m\u00f5eldud andurit, mis reageerib juba siis, kui kaob vaid v\u00e4ike osa valgusest.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tumedad ja matid objektid<\/b> \u2013 peegeldavad v\u00e4he valgust. Aitab taustasummutus v\u00f5i laserkaugusandur. M\u00f5ned sinise valgusega laserandurid on m\u00f5eldud tumedate, l\u00e4ikivate ja kuumade pindade jaoks.<\/li>\n<li><b>V\u00e4ikesed objektid<\/b> \u2013 vali v\u00e4ike, n\u00e4htav valguslaik. 1\u20133 mm laik n\u00e4eb peenikest traati v\u00f5i v\u00e4ikest ava, millest lai kiir m\u00f6\u00f6da l\u00e4heb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"g-short\">\n<p style=\"margin:0\">Rusikareegel: mida rohkem sinu objektid v\u00e4rvi, l\u00e4ike ja kuju poolest erinevad, seda p\u00f5hjendatum on valida l\u00e4bivalgusandur v\u00f5i taustasummutus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Light-on, dark-on ja levinud vead<\/h2>\n<p><b>Light-on<\/b> t\u00e4hendab, et v\u00e4ljund on aktiivne, kui vastuv\u00f5tja saab valgust, <b>dark-on<\/b>, et see on aktiivne, kui valgus kaob. L\u00e4bivalgus- v\u00f5i reflektoranduri puhul annab dark-on signaali, kui objekt kiire katkestab. Hajuvalgusanduri puhul on see vastupidi. Paljusid andureid saab \u00fcmber l\u00fclitada juhtme, nupu v\u00f5i IO-Linki kaudu.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrolli ka PNP v\u00f5i NPN v\u00e4ljundit, kiirete liinide puhul reageerimisaega ning signaalivaru (excess gain) \u2013 kui palju rohkem valgust kui vaja j\u00f5uab vastuv\u00f5tjani. Tolmu ja niiskuse korral on vaja suurt varu, muidu lakkab andur t\u00f6\u00f6tamast, kui l\u00e4\u00e4ts m\u00e4\u00e4rdub.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Ulatus on antud valge paberi suhtes.<\/b> Andmelehel toodud hajuvalgusandurite ulatus kehtib valge kaardi kohta. Tumedad objektid vajavad l\u00fchemat kaugust.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tavaline reflektorandur l\u00e4ikivatel objektidel.<\/b> Purgid, foolium ja l\u00e4ikiv metall peegeldavad valgust. Vali polariseeritud andur.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vale reflektor.<\/b> Polariseeritud andurid vajavad prismareflektorit. Vale teip v\u00f5i kile v\u00f5ib muuta t\u00f6\u00f6 ebakindlaks.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mustuse jaoks pole varu.<\/b> Vali hea signaalivaruga andur v\u00f5i loe signaali kvaliteeti IO-Linki kaudu.<\/li>\n<li><b>Segav valgus.<\/b> P\u00e4ikesevalgus, vilkuvad tuled v\u00f5i vastas asuv teine andur v\u00f5ivad segada. Paigalda andurid nurga all, et need \u00fcksteist ei n\u00e4eks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Kus fotoelektrilisi andureid kasutatakse?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pakendamine ja toiduainet\u00f6\u00f6stus<\/b> \u2013 toodete loendamine, etiketiservade lugemine kahvelanduritega, kontroll, kas korgid on peal.<\/li>\n<li><b>Logistika ja laondus<\/b> \u2013 kastide ja kaubaaluste tuvastamine konveieritel, k\u00f5rguse m\u00f5\u00f5tmine, automaatlao pesade kontroll.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u00f5idukid ja liikurmasinad<\/b> \u2013 laserkaugusandurid kauguse ja asendi m\u00e4\u00e4ramiseks kahvelt\u00f5stukitel ja kraanadel.<\/li>\n<li><b>Taristu<\/b> \u2013 v\u00e4ravad, t\u00f5kkepuud ja uksed, mis peavad avas s\u00f5idukeid tuvastama.<\/li>\n<li><b>Elektroonika ja t\u00e4ppiskoostamine<\/b> \u2013 v\u00e4ikesed komponendid l\u00fchikeselt kauguselt.<\/li>\n<li><b>Saeveskid ja teraset\u00f6\u00f6stus<\/b> \u2013 laudade ja plaatide asendi, laiuse ja paksuse m\u00f5\u00f5tmine laseritega.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Fotoelektrilised andurid ja laserkaugusandurid SCN-ilt<\/h2>\n<p>Pakume Mibbo ja Wenglori fotoelektrilisi andureid: kahvelandurid, l\u00e4bivalgus-, reflektor- ja hajuvalgusandurid, IO-Linkiga taustasummutusega andurid ning triangulatsiooni v\u00f5i lennuaja m\u00f5\u00f5tmise p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel t\u00f6\u00f6tavad laserkaugusandurid vahemikus 30 mm kuni 10 m.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e4iteid meie valikust<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/pc27-small-spot-compact-photoelectric-sensor-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mibbo-pc27-main.webp\" alt=\"Mibbo PC27 kompaktne fotoelektriline andur, v\u00e4ike laik\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Mibbo<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">PC27 kompaktne fotoelektriline andur, v\u00e4ike laik<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">N\u00e4htav 1\u20133 mm valguslaik v\u00e4ikeste detailide jaoks. Saadaval hajuvalgusandurina, kuni 8 m reflektorandurina ja kuni 30 m l\u00e4bivalgusandurina.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/hk12pa-diffuse-sensor-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pic_HK12PA.jpg\" alt=\"Wenglor HK12PA hajuvalgusandur\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Wenglor<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">HK12PA hajuvalgusandur<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Taustasummutus triangulatsiooni abil, 0\u2013120 mm, v\u00e4rv ja pind ei m\u00f5juta. IO-Link ja IP67.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/p1py217-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/P1PY217.png\" alt=\"Wenglor P1PY217, laserkaugusandur \u2013 lennuaeg\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Wenglor<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">P1PY217, laserkaugusandur \u2013 lennuaeg<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Sinise valgusega lennuaja p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel t\u00f6\u00f6tav laserkaugusandur, 50\u20135 000 mm, tumedate, l\u00e4ikivate, l\u00e4bipaistvate ja kuumade pindade jaoks.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/photoelectric-sensors-et\/\">Fotoelektrilised andurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/photoelectric-sensors-et\/laser-sensors-for-distance-measurement-et\/\">Laserkaugusandurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/inductive-sensors\/\">Induktiivandurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/capacitive-sensors-et\/\">Mahtuvusandurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/\">Andurid<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Kas sul on objekt, mida on raske tuvastada? Kirjelda seda ja keskkonda ning meie insenerid pakuvad lahenduse \u2013 vastuse saad 24 tunni jooksul.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/kontakt\/\">K\u00fcsi inseneri k\u00e4est<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Korduma kippuvad k\u00fcsimused<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Mis vahe on l\u00e4bivalgusanduril ja reflektoranduril?<\/summary>\n<p>L\u00e4bivalgusanduril on saatja ja vastuv\u00f5tja kahes eraldi seadmes, mis on teineteise vastas. Reflektoranduril on m\u00f5lemad \u00fches korpuses ja vastask\u00fcljel on reflektor. L\u00e4bivalgusandur ulatub kaugemale ja talub rohkem mustust, reflektorandurit on lihtsam paigaldada.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas fotoelektriline andur tuvastab klaasi?<\/summary>\n<p>Jah, kuid vali l\u00e4bipaistvate objektide jaoks m\u00f5eldud andur. Tavalised andurid n\u00e4evad selgest klaasist ja plastist otse l\u00e4bi.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Mida t\u00e4hendavad light-on ja dark-on?<\/summary>\n<p>Light-on: v\u00e4ljund on aktiivne, kui vastuv\u00f5tja saab valgust. Dark-on: v\u00e4ljund on aktiivne, kui valgus kaob, n\u00e4iteks kui objekt kiire katkestab.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kui kaugele fotoelektriline andur ulatub?<\/summary>\n<p>Hajuvalgusandurid ulatuvad m\u00f5nest sentimeetrist paari meetrini, reflektorandurid m\u00f5ne meetrini ja l\u00e4bivalgusandurid kuni 50 meetrini v\u00f5i kaugemale.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Mis on taustasummutus?<\/summary>\n<p>Tehnika, mille puhul andur m\u00f5\u00f5dab kaugust triangulatsiooni abil ja l\u00fclitub ainult seadistatud kauguse piires olevate objektide puhul. Kaugemal asuvaid heledaid objekte ignoreeritakse.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fotoelektriline andur tuvastab objekte valguse abil, m\u00f5ne millimeetri kuni k\u00fcmnete meetrite kauguselt. Selles juhendis k\u00e4sitleme p\u00f5hit\u00fc\u00fcpe, l\u00e4ikivate, l\u00e4bipaistvate ja tumedate objektidega toimetulekut ning seda, millal on vaja laserkaugusandurit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234258,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"fotoelektriline andur","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Fotoelektriliste andurite t\u00fc\u00fcbid selgeks: l\u00e4bivalgus-, reflektor- ja hajuvalgusandur, taustasummutus ja laser ning l\u00e4ikivad ja l\u00e4bipaistvad 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