{"id":8234621,"date":"2026-10-24T17:30:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234621"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:32:40","slug":"induktiivandur","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/juhendid\/induktiivandur\/","title":{"rendered":"Induktiivandur \u2013 kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab ja kuidas \u00f5iget valida"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Induktiivandur \u2013 kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab ja kuidas \u00f5iget valida<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">Induktiivne l\u00e4hedusandur tuvastab metalli puutevabalt ega kulu l\u00fclitamisest. Selles juhendis selgitame, kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab, mida l\u00fclituskaugus praktikas t\u00e4hendab ning kuidas valida paigaldusviisi, v\u00e4ljundit ja vastupidavust.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">L\u00fchike vastus<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Tuvastab ainult metalli<\/b> \u2013 alla millimeetri kuni m\u00f5ne sentimeetri kauguselt, ilma kokkupuute ja kulumiseta.<\/li>\n<li><b>Projekteeri tagatud l\u00fclituskauguse j\u00e4rgi<\/b> \u2013 k\u00f5ige rohkem 81% nimil\u00fclituskaugusest Sn ning roostevaba terase, messingi, alumiiniumi ja vase puhul veelgi v\u00e4hem.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u00fcvistatav v\u00f5i mittes\u00fcvistatav<\/b> \u2013 s\u00fcvistatava saab paigaldada metalliga samale tasapinnale, mittes\u00fcvistatav ulatub kaugemale, kuid vajab vaba ruumi.<\/li>\n<li><b>PNP ja NO<\/b> on Euroopas k\u00f5ige levinumad. Kontrolli, mida PLC sisend eeldab.<\/li>\n<li><b>Karmid tingimused<\/b> \u2013 k\u00f5rgsurvepesu jaoks roostevaba korpus ja IP69K, punktkeevituse l\u00e4hedal keevitusv\u00e4ljakindel andur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Mis on induktiivandur ja kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab?<\/h2>\n<p>Induktiivandur ehk induktiivne l\u00e4hedusandur on elektrooniline l\u00fcliti, mis muudab olekut, kui selle l\u00e4hedale satub metall. Seda kasutatakse k\u00f5ikjal, kus masin peab teadma, kas midagi on oma kohal: t\u00f6\u00f6riist, hammasratta hammas, kaubaalus v\u00f5i suletud luuk.<\/p>\n<p>Anduri t\u00f6\u00f6pinna taga on m\u00e4his, mis koos ostsillaatoriga tekitab vahelduva magnetv\u00e4lja. Kui v\u00e4ljale l\u00e4heneb metall, tekivad selles p\u00f6\u00f6risvoolud, mis v\u00f5tavad ostsillaatorilt energiat. Kui sumbumine on piisavalt suur, l\u00fclitub v\u00e4ljund. Anduril puuduvad liikuvad osad ning tolm, \u00f5li ja mustus ei m\u00f5juta seda nii nagu optilist andurit.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-induktiva-f1-et.webp\" alt=\"Induktiivanduri t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te: t\u00f6\u00f6pinna m\u00e4his tekitab vahelduva magnetv\u00e4lja, metallobjekt sumbutab v\u00e4lja p\u00f6\u00f6risvoolude kaudu ja v\u00e4ljund l\u00fclitub.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"500\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>M\u00e4his tekitab v\u00e4lja. Kui metall l\u00e4heneb, v\u00e4li sumbub ja v\u00e4ljund l\u00fclitub.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>L\u00fclituskaugus ja paigaldus<\/h2>\n<p>Andmelehel toodud kaugus on nimil\u00fclituskaugus Sn. See m\u00f5\u00f5detakse standardi IEC 60947-5-2 kohase 1 mm paksuse konstruktsiooniterasest standardse sihtm\u00e4rgi vastu. Praktikas s\u00f5ltub see temperatuurist ja pingest ning erineb andurite kaupa.<\/p>\n<p>Seep\u00e4rast on olemas tagatud l\u00fclituskaugus Sa, mis on k\u00f5ige rohkem 81% Sn-ist. Sa piires l\u00fclitub andur garanteeritult, seega projekteeri Sa j\u00e4rgi. M18 anduri puhul, mille Sn on 8 mm, peaks objekt olema umbes 6,5 mm piires. Standardsest sihtm\u00e4rgist v\u00e4iksem objekt annab samuti l\u00fchema kauguse.<\/p>\n<h3>Parandustegur \u2013 erinevad metallid, erinevad kaugused<\/h3>\n<p>Muid metalle peale terase tuvastatakse l\u00fchemalt kauguselt. Korruta Sn metalli parandusteguriga. V\u00e4\u00e4rtused on t\u00fc\u00fcpilised, kontrolli andmelehte. On olemas ka teguriga 1 andurid, mis tuvastavad k\u00f5iki metalle samalt kauguselt.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Metall<\/th>\n<th>T\u00fc\u00fcpiline tegur<\/th>\n<th>M18, Sn 8 mm, ulatub umbes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Konstruktsiooniteras<\/td>\n<td>1,0<\/td>\n<td>8 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Roostevaba teras<\/td>\n<td>0,7\u20130,85<\/td>\n<td>5,5\u20137 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Messing<\/td>\n<td>0,4\u20130,5<\/td>\n<td>3\u20134 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Alumiinium<\/td>\n<td>0,3\u20130,45<\/td>\n<td>2,5\u20133,5 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Vask<\/td>\n<td>0,25\u20130,4<\/td>\n<td>2\u20133 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>S\u00fcvistatav v\u00f5i mittes\u00fcvistatav?<\/h3>\n<p><b>S\u00fcvistataval (varjestatud)<\/b> anduril on m\u00e4hise \u00fcmber varjestus, nii et v\u00e4li on suunatud otse ette. Selle saab paigaldada metalliga samale tasapinnale. <b>Mittes\u00fcvistataval (varjestamata)<\/b> anduril on laiem v\u00e4li ja sama suuruse juures umbes 1,5\u20132 korda suurem l\u00fclituskaugus. Selle eest vajab anduri pea enda \u00fcmber metallivaba tsooni, muidu tuvastab andur oma kinnitusklambrit. \u00dcksteise l\u00e4hedale paigaldatud andurid v\u00f5ivad teineteist segada \u2013 j\u00e4rgi andmelehel toodud vahekaugusi.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-induktiva-f2-et.webp\" alt=\"V\u00f5rdlus: s\u00fcvistatav andur on metallplaadiga samal tasapinnal ja sellel on kitsas v\u00e4li. Mittes\u00fcvistatav andur ulatub plaadist v\u00e4lja, sellel on laiem v\u00e4li ja pea \u00fcmber on vaja metallivaba tsooni.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"580\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>S\u00fcvistatava anduri saab paigaldada metalliga samale tasapinnale. Mittes\u00fcvistatav ulatub kaugemale, kuid vajab vaba ruumi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>V\u00e4ljund ja \u00fchendus: PNP, NPN, NO, NC ja IO-Link<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>PNP<\/b> l\u00fclitab koormusele positiivse toitepinge. Euroopas on see enamiku PLC-sisendite standard.<\/li>\n<li><b>NPN<\/b> l\u00fclitab koormuse 0 V-le. Levinud Aasia p\u00e4ritolu ja vanematel masinatel.<\/li>\n<li><b>NO (normaalselt avatud)<\/b> on aktiivne, kui metall on olemas, <b>NC (normaalselt suletud)<\/b> siis, kui metalli ei ole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00fc\u00fcp<\/th>\n<th>Juhtmed<\/th>\n<th>Kasuta, kui<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">2-juhtmeline<\/td>\n<td>Toide ja signaal samadel kahel juhtmel, DC v\u00f5i AC<\/td>\n<td>Andur asendab piirl\u00fclitit v\u00f5i on releega jadamisi. Vajab minimaalset koormusvoolu ja sellel on v\u00e4ike lekkevool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">3-juhtmeline<\/td>\n<td>Pluss, 0 V ja v\u00e4ljund<\/td>\n<td>Standardvalik PLC-sisendite jaoks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">4-juhtmeline<\/td>\n<td>Pluss, 0 V ja kaks v\u00e4ljundit<\/td>\n<td>Soovid nii NO kui ka NC v\u00e4ljundit v\u00f5i l\u00fclitusv\u00e4ljundit koos IO-Linkiga.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">IO-Link<\/td>\n<td>Kolm juhet, varjestamata kaabel kuni 20 m<\/td>\n<td>Soovid andurit PLC-st seadistada, diagnostikat lugeda ja andureid \u00fcmberseadistamiseta vahetada (IEC 61131-9).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>V\u00e4ikestel anduritel on pistik tavaliselt M8, \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nutel M12. Juhtmete v\u00e4rvid on standarditud: pruun pluss, sinine 0 V, must v\u00e4ljund ja valge teine v\u00e4ljund. Pistikuga anduri vahetamine k\u00e4ib palju kiiremini kui fikseeritud kaabliga anduri oma.<\/p>\n<h2>Induktiiv-, mahtuvus- v\u00f5i Halli andur?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Anduri t\u00fc\u00fcp<\/th>\n<th>Tuvastab<\/th>\n<th>Sobib<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Induktiivandur<\/td>\n<td>Metalli, l\u00fchikeselt kauguselt<\/td>\n<td>Asendid, l\u00f5ppasendid, hammasratta hambad ja metallosad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Mahtuvusandur<\/td>\n<td>Peaaegu k\u00f5ike: metalli, plasti, puitu, vedelikke ja granulaate<\/td>\n<td>T\u00e4itetase mahutites ja silodes, isegi l\u00e4bi plast- v\u00f5i klaasseina. Niiskus ja ladestused m\u00f5jutavad seda.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Halli andur<\/td>\n<td>Magnetv\u00e4lju: magnetit v\u00f5i raud- ja terashambaid<\/td>\n<td>Kiirus ja p\u00f6\u00f6rlemissuund ka v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikestel kiirustel ning asend l\u00e4bi alumiiniumist v\u00f5i roostevabast terasest seina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rusikareegel: kui objekt on metallist ja kaugus on v\u00e4ike, vali induktiivandur. Kui see on millestki muust, vali mahtuvusandur. Hammasratta kiiruse ja p\u00f6\u00f6rlemissuuna m\u00f5\u00f5tmiseks karmides tingimustes vali Halli andur.<\/p>\n<h2>Kus induktiivandureid kasutatakse?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Tehased ja pakendamine<\/b> \u2013 t\u00f6\u00f6riistade ja liugurite asendid, metallkorkide loendamine, kontroll, kas detail on rakises.<\/li>\n<li><b>Liikurmasinad<\/b> \u2013 noole ja tugijalgade asendid, rataste ja telgede kiirus kraanadel, p\u00f5llu- ja metsamasinatel.<\/li>\n<li><b>Toiduaine- ja ravimit\u00f6\u00f6stus<\/b> \u2013 konveierid ja t\u00e4itemasinad, mida pestakse iga p\u00e4ev.<\/li>\n<li><b>Autot\u00f6\u00f6stus<\/b> \u2013 kontroll, kas lehtmetallist detailid on enne robotkeevitust oma kohal.<\/li>\n<li><b>Taristu ja transport<\/b> \u2013 l\u00fc\u00fcsiv\u00e4ravate, sildade ja raudteep\u00f6\u00f6rmete l\u00f5ppasendid, uste asendid rongides ja bussides.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energeetika<\/b> \u2013 siibrite ja ventiilide asendi tagasiside elektri- ja soojusjaamades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Vastupidavus ja levinud vead<\/h2>\n<p>Enamiku masinate jaoks piisab IP67-st. K\u00f5rgsurvepesu kuuma veega n\u00f5uab IP69K-d, eelistatult roostevabast terasest korpuse ja t\u00f6\u00f6pinnaga. Punktkeevituse l\u00e4heduses v\u00f5ivad tugevad magnetv\u00e4ljad p\u00f5hjustada valel\u00fclitusi ja keevituspritsmed kleepuvad t\u00f6\u00f6pinnale. Vali keevitusv\u00e4ljakindlad andurid, millel on pinnakate, mille k\u00fclge pritsmed ei j\u00e4\u00e4.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Projekteeritakse Sn j\u00e4rgi.<\/b> Kasuta k\u00f5ige rohkem 81% Sn-ist ja rakenda parandustegurit, kui objekt ei ole terasest.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mittes\u00fcvistatav andur metallklambris.<\/b> Andur tuvastab oma kinnitusklambrit ja j\u00e4\u00e4b sissel\u00fclitatud olekusse.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vale v\u00e4ljundit\u00fc\u00fcp.<\/b> NPN-andur ei t\u00f6\u00f6ta PNP-sisendiga. Kontrolli ka, kas vaja on NO v\u00f5i NC v\u00e4ljundit.<\/li>\n<li><b>2-juhtmelised andurid tundlikel sisenditel.<\/b> Lekkevoolust v\u00f5ib piisata, et elektrooniline sisend loeks signaali k\u00f5rgeks.<\/li>\n<li><b>Andurit kasutatakse mehaanilise piirikuna.<\/b> Objekt peaks liikuma anduri eest m\u00f6\u00f6da, mitte sellesse p\u00f5rkama. J\u00f5u peab vastu v\u00f5tma l\u00f5pupiirik.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Induktiivandurid SCN-ilt<\/h2>\n<p>Pakume Mibbo ja Wenglori induktiivandureid: keermestatud miniatuursed andurid alates M4-st, suure l\u00fclituskaugusega andurid kuni M30-ni, DC- v\u00f5i AC-toide, analoogv\u00e4ljund ja IP69K klassiga roostevabad korpused. Valikus on ka mahtuvus- ja Halli andurid.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e4iteid meie valikust<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/i12h019-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/I12H019.jpg\" alt=\"Wenglor I12H019 induktiivandur\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Wenglor<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">I12H019 induktiivandur<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">IO-Linkiga induktiivandur: \u00fches anduris saab seadistada kolm l\u00fclituskaugust, PNP v\u00f5i NPN ning NO v\u00f5i NC. IP67.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/iyk-anti-interference-inductive-sensor-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mibbo-iyk-main.webp\" alt=\"Mibbo IYK h\u00e4irekindel induktiivandur\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Mibbo<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">IYK h\u00e4irekindel induktiivandur<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">H\u00e4irekindel andur k\u00f5rvuti paigaldamiseks ja elektromagnetiliste h\u00e4iretega masinatesse. NPN v\u00f5i PNP, NO v\u00f5i NC.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/2-channel-differential-hall-m18-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-Channel_HD_M18.jpeg\" alt=\"Rheintacho 2-kanaliline diferentsiaal-Hall-andur M18\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Rheintacho<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">2-kanaliline diferentsiaal-Hall-andur M18<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Roostevabas M18 korpuses Halli andur, mis m\u00f5\u00f5dab kiirust ja p\u00f6\u00f6rlemissuunda, 0,1\u201320 kHz.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/inductive-sensors\/\">Induktiivandurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/capacitive-sensors-et\/\">Mahtuvusandurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/hall-effect-sensors-et\/\">Halli andurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/sensors-et\/\">Andurid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/connectors-and-cables-et\/\">Pistikud ja kaablid<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Kas sa ei ole kindel l\u00fclituskauguses, v\u00e4ljundis v\u00f5i vastupidavuses? Kirjelda objekti ja keskkonda ning meie insenerid aitavad valida \u00f5ige anduri \u2013 vastuse saad 24 tunni jooksul.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/kontakt\/\">K\u00fcsi inseneri k\u00e4est<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Korduma kippuvad k\u00fcsimused<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Mis vahe on PNP-l ja NPN-il?<\/summary>\n<p>PNP-andur l\u00fclitab koormusele positiivse toitepinge, NPN-andur l\u00fclitab koormuse 0 V-le. Andur peab sobima sinu juhtimiss\u00fcsteemi sisendiga.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas induktiivandur tuvastab alumiiniumi?<\/summary>\n<p>Jah, kuid l\u00fchemalt kauguselt. Parandusteguriga umbes 0,3\u20130,45 on kaugus ligikaudu kolmandik nimiv\u00e4\u00e4rtusest. Kui kaugus on kriitiline, vali teguriga 1 andur.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kui kaugelt induktiivandur tuvastab?<\/summary>\n<p>V\u00e4ikseimate andurite puhul alla millimeetri ja suure l\u00fclituskaugusega M30 andurite puhul kuni umbes 40 mm. Suurem l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5t ja mittes\u00fcvistatav paigaldus annavad suurema kauguse.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas induktiivandur tuvastab l\u00e4bi seina?<\/summary>\n<p>L\u00e4bi \u00f5hukese plastseina k\u00fcll. L\u00e4bi metalli mitte \u2013 andur tuvastab seina enda. Sel juhul kasutatakse selle asemel Halli andurit ja objektile kinnitatud magnetit.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Induktiivne l\u00e4hedusandur tuvastab metalli puutevabalt ega kulu l\u00fclitamisest. Selles juhendis selgitame, kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab, mida l\u00fclituskaugus praktikas t\u00e4hendab ning kuidas valida paigaldusviisi, v\u00e4ljundit ja vastupidavust.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234287,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"induktiivandur","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Induktiivandurid selgeks: t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te, nimi- ja tagatud l\u00fclituskaugus, parandustegurid, s\u00fcvistatav v\u00f5i mittes\u00fcvistatav, PNP\/NPN ja 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