{"id":8234617,"date":"2026-10-24T17:26:17","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234617"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:32:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:32:36","slug":"mis-on-plc","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/juhendid\/mis-on-plc\/","title":{"rendered":"Mis on PLC? Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab ja kuidas valida \u00f5iget"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Mis on PLC? Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab ja kuidas valida \u00f5iget<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">PLC on t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvuti, mis loeb andureid, teeb programmi j\u00e4rgi otsuseid ning juhib mootoreid, ventiile ja lampe \u2013 ikka ja j\u00e4lle, m\u00f5ne millisekundi kaupa. Selgitame, kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab, millised programmeerimiskeeled on olemas ja kuidas s\u00fcsteemi valida.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">L\u00fchike vastus<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>PLC<\/b> \u2013 Programmable Logic Controller ehk programmeeritav loogikakontroller, mis on ehitatud masinaid ja protsesse \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4ev l\u00e4bi juhtima.<\/li>\n<li><b>Skaneerimists\u00fckkel<\/b> \u2013 PLC loeb k\u00f5ik sisendid, t\u00e4idab programmi, kirjutab k\u00f5ik v\u00e4ljundid ja alustab uuesti. \u00dcks ts\u00fckkel kestab sageli m\u00f5ne millisekundi.<\/li>\n<li><b>Keeled<\/b> \u2013 standard IEC 61131-3 m\u00e4\u00e4ratleb keeled LD, FBD, ST ja SFC. K\u00e4suloend (IL) on kasutuselt k\u00f5rvaldatud.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kompaktne, moodul- v\u00f5i hajus s\u00fcsteem<\/b> \u2013 vali sisendite-v\u00e4ljundite arvu, laiendusvajaduse ja selle j\u00e4rgi, kui hajali seade paikneb.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vaata tervikut<\/b> \u2013 I\/O, side, tarkvara ja see, mida sinu tehnikud juba oskavad, mitte ainult protsessori hinda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Mis on PLC?<\/h2>\n<p>PLC tuleb inglise keelest <i>Programmable Logic Controller<\/i>. See tekkis 1960. aastate l\u00f5pus, et asendada autot\u00f6\u00f6stuses suuri releekappe. Selle asemel et masina muutmisel juhtmestikku \u00fcmber teha, said insenerid muuta programmi.<\/p>\n<p>PLC on ehitatud t\u00f6\u00f6stuse jaoks: see talub vibratsiooni, elektrilisi h\u00e4ireid ja juhtkilbi kuumust ning t\u00e4idab sama programmi \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4ev l\u00e4bi aastaid. PLC-s\u00fcsteem koosneb j\u00e4rgmistest osadest:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>CPU<\/b> \u2013 protsessor, mis t\u00e4idab programmi ja sisaldab m\u00e4lu.<\/li>\n<li><b>Sisendid<\/b> \u2013 digitaalsed (24 V DC nuppudelt ja anduritelt) ja analoogsed (4\u201320 mA, 0\u201310 V, temperatuur).<\/li>\n<li><b>V\u00e4ljundid<\/b> \u2013 transistor- v\u00f5i releev\u00e4ljundid ventiilidele, kontaktoritele ja lampidele ning analoogv\u00e4ljundid sagedusmuunduritele ja reguleerventiilidele.<\/li>\n<li><b>Side<\/b> \u2013 v\u00e4ljasiinid ja t\u00f6\u00f6stuslik Ethernet operaatoripaneelide, ajamite ja k\u00f5rgema taseme s\u00fcsteemidega suhtlemiseks.<\/li>\n<li><b>Toide<\/b> \u2013 tavaliselt 24 V DC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kus PLC-sid kasutatakse?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Tootmine<\/b> \u2013 pakkemasinad, konveierid, robotirakud, pressid ja katsestendid.<\/li>\n<li><b>Toiduaine- ja protsessit\u00f6\u00f6stus<\/b> \u2013 doseerimine, partiiprotsessid ja pesuts\u00fcklid, sageli programmeeritud SFC-s.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vesi ja reovesi<\/b> \u2013 pumplad ja puhastusseadmed SCADA kaudu toimuva kaugseirega.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energeetika<\/b> \u2013 tuulikud, p\u00e4ikeseelektrijaamad, akusalvestid ja alajaamad.<\/li>\n<li><b>Raudtee ja taristu<\/b> \u2013 juhtimine rongide pardal, r\u00f6\u00f6baste \u00e4\u00e4res ja tunnelites.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hooned<\/b> \u2013 ventilatsioon, k\u00fcte ja valgustus suuremates hoonetes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Kuidas PLC t\u00f6\u00f6tab? Skaneerimists\u00fckkel<\/h2>\n<p>PLC t\u00f6\u00f6tab kindlas ringis, mida nimetatakse skaneerimists\u00fckliks. K\u00f5igepealt loeb see k\u00f5ik sisendid ja salvestab nende v\u00e4\u00e4rtused. Seej\u00e4rel t\u00e4idetakse programm algusest l\u00f5puni, kasutades salvestatud v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi. Tulemused kirjutatakse v\u00e4ljunditesse ning PLC tegeleb side ja diagnostikaga. Siis algab k\u00f5ik uuesti.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-plc-f1-et.webp\" alt=\"PLC skaneerimists\u00fckkel: sisendite lugemine, programmi t\u00e4itmine, v\u00e4ljundite kirjutamine, side ja diagnostika ning seej\u00e4rel kordamine\" width=\"1520\" height=\"600\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>PLC kordab samu nelja sammu ikka ja j\u00e4lle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ts\u00fckliaeg s\u00f5ltub programmi mahust ja protsessori kiirusest. Kui ts\u00fckkel kestab liiga kaua, peatab valvetaimer (watchdog) PLC ja viib v\u00e4ljundid ohutusse olekusse. V\u00e4ga kiired s\u00fcndmused, n\u00e4iteks p\u00f6\u00f6rdeanduri impulsid, p\u00fc\u00fctakse kinni katkestuste v\u00f5i kiirloenduri moodulite abil.<\/p>\n<p>Suhtluseks kasutavad PLC-d v\u00e4ljasiine ja t\u00f6\u00f6stuslikku Ethernetti, n\u00e4iteks PROFINET, EtherNet\/IP, Modbus TCP, EtherCAT ja PROFIBUS. IT-s\u00fcsteemide ja pilve suunal on \u00fcha levinumad OPC UA ja MQTT.<\/p>\n<h2>Standardi IEC 61131-3 programmeerimiskeeled<\/h2>\n<p>IEC 61131-3 m\u00e4\u00e4ratleb PLC-de \u00fchised programmeerimiskeeled, nii et tehnik saab eri kaubam\u00e4rkide s\u00fcsteemides h\u00f5lpsalt orienteeruda. Enamikus projektides kasutatakse mitut keelt korraga.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Keel<\/th>\n<th>T\u00fc\u00fcp<\/th>\n<th>Sobib k\u00f5ige paremini<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">LD \u2013 Ladder Diagram<\/td>\n<td>Graafiline, sarnaneb releeskeemiga<\/td>\n<td>Loogika ja blokeeringud. Elektrikutel on lihtne vigu otsida.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">FBD \u2013 Function Block Diagram<\/td>\n<td>Graafiline, omavahel \u00fchendatud plokid<\/td>\n<td>Reguleerimisahelad ja analoogsignaalid, n\u00e4iteks PID.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">ST \u2013 Structured Text<\/td>\n<td>Tekstip\u00f5hine, sarnaneb Pascaliga<\/td>\n<td>Arvutused, ts\u00fcklid ja andmet\u00f6\u00f6tlus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">SFC \u2013 Sequential Function Chart<\/td>\n<td>Graafiline, sammud ja \u00fcleminekud<\/td>\n<td>J\u00e4rjestused, n\u00e4iteks masinats\u00fcklid ja partiiprotsessid.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">IL \u2013 Instruction List<\/td>\n<td>Tekstip\u00f5hine, sarnaneb assembleriga<\/td>\n<td>Kolmandas v\u00e4ljaandes (2013) aegunuks kuulutatud ja neljandast (2025) eemaldatud. Esineb vanemates programmides.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"g-short\">\n<p style=\"margin:0\">Siemensi STEP 7 ja TIA Portali keskkonnas on vastavad keeled LAD, FBD, SCL ja GRAPH. STL vastab ligikaudu IL-ile.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Kompaktne PLC, moodul-PLC v\u00f5i hajus I\/O?<\/h2>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-plc-f2-et.webp\" alt=\"Kolm viisi PLC-s\u00fcsteemi \u00fclesehitamiseks: kompaktne seade, mooduls\u00fcsteem liistul ja hajus I\/O v\u00f5rgu kaudu\" width=\"1520\" height=\"460\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Kolm viisi PLC-s\u00fcsteemi \u00fclesehitamiseks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Kompaktne PLC<\/b> \u2013 CPU, sisendid ja v\u00e4ljundid \u00fches seadmes, sageli koos m\u00f5ne laiendusmooduliga. Sobib v\u00e4iksematele masinatele, pumplatele ja hooneautomaatikasse.<\/li>\n<li><b>Moodul-PLC<\/b> \u2013 CPU, toiteplokk ja I\/O-moodulid liistul v\u00f5i tagapaneelil. Valid t\u00e4pselt vajalikud moodulid ja saad s\u00fcsteemi hiljem laiendada. Sobib suurematele masinatele ja protsessidele.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hajus I\/O<\/b> \u2013 I\/O-jaamad paiknevad masina juures ja on CPU-ga \u00fchendatud v\u00e4ljasiini v\u00f5i Etherneti kaudu. S\u00e4\u00e4stab palju kaableid ja lihtsustab masinate moodulehitust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>PLC, arvutip\u00f5hine juhtimine v\u00f5i mikrokontroller?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lahendus<\/th>\n<th>Tugevus<\/th>\n<th>Parim valik, kui<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">PLC<\/td>\n<td>T\u00f6\u00f6kindel, ennustatav ts\u00fckliaeg, lihtne veaotsing ja pikk eluiga<\/td>\n<td>Masinad ja protsessid, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tavad palju aastaid ja mida hooldavad tehnikud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Arvutip\u00f5hine juhtimine<\/td>\n<td>Palju arvutusv\u00f5imsust. Juhtimine, HMI, masinn\u00e4gemine ja andmebaas \u00fches arvutis<\/td>\n<td>Keerukas liikumisjuhtimine ja suure andmemahuga rakendused<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Mikrokontroller<\/td>\n<td>Madal \u00fchikuhind suurtes seeriates<\/td>\n<td>Suure tootmismahuga tooted, mille elektroonika projekteerid ja sertifitseerid ise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>Ohutus-PLC<\/b> tegeleb avariiseiskamiste, kaitseuste ja valguskardinatega. Sellel on kahekanaliline \u00fclesehitus ja enesediagnostika ning see on sertifitseeritud n\u00e4iteks SIL 3 tasemele standardi IEC 61508 j\u00e4rgi v\u00f5i PL e tasemele standardi EN ISO 13849-1 j\u00e4rgi. Ohutussignaalid v\u00f5ivad jagada v\u00f5rku muude andmetega, kasutades selliseid protokolle nagu PROFIsafe ja FSoE.<\/p>\n<h2>Kuidas PLC-d valida \u2013 viis l\u00f5ksu<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Liiga v\u00e4he sisendeid-v\u00e4ljundeid.<\/b> Masinad kasvavad. Arvesta 10\u201320 protsendi varuga ja ruumiga lisamoodulitele.<\/li>\n<li><b>Side unustatakse.<\/b> Enne CPU valimist kontrolli, milliseid protokolle kasutavad ajamid, paneelid ja teised masinad.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tarkvara j\u00e4etakse arvestamata.<\/b> Litsentsid ja koolitus v\u00f5ivad maksta rohkem kui riistvara. Kontrolli, mis kuulub hinna sisse ja palju maksavad uuendused.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tehnikute oskusi ei arvestata.<\/b> Vali keskkond, mis on tuttav sellele, kes kell kolm \u00f6\u00f6sel vigu otsib. See v\u00f5ib t\u00e4hendada s\u00fcsteemi, mida programmeeritakse samade t\u00f6\u00f6riistadega nagu olemasolevaid seadmeid.<\/li>\n<li><b>Keskkonda alahinnatakse.<\/b> Standardsed PLC-d on sageli ette n\u00e4htud temperatuurile 0\u201360 \u00b0C. Rongid, v\u00e4liskilbid ja liikurrakendused vajavad laiemat vahemikku, rongid lisaks ka EN 50155 vastavust.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>PLC-s\u00fcsteemid SCN-ilt<\/h2>\n<p>Pakume Yaskawa (endine VIPA) PLC-s\u00fcsteeme tooteperedest Micro PLC, SLIO ja 300S+. Neid saab programmeerida Siemensi SIMATIC Manageris (STEP 7) v\u00f5i TIA Portalis, SLIO-t ja Micro PLC-d ka Yaskawa Speed 7 Studios. Lisaks pakume Weinteki CODESYS-kontrollereid ning Moxa programmeeritavaid kontrollereid ja kaug-I\/O-sid.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e4iteid meie valikust<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/m13-ccf0000-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/M13-CCF0000.jpg\" alt=\"Yaskawa M13-CCF0001\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Yaskawa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">M13-CCF0001<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Kompaktne PLC, millesse on sisse ehitatud 16 DI, 12 DO, 2 AI ja 2 PWM. Programmeeritakse Speed 7 Studios, SIMATIC Manageris v\u00f5i TIA Portalis.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/cmt-ctrl01-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cmt-ctrl01.png\" alt=\"Weintek cMT-CTRL01 CODESYS-kontroller ja IIoT-l\u00fc\u00fcs\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Weintek<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">cMT-CTRL01 CODESYS-kontroller ja IIoT-l\u00fc\u00fcs<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">CODESYS PLC ja IIoT-l\u00fc\u00fcs \u00fches \u2013 saadab andmeid MQTT v\u00f5i OPC UA kaudu.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/toode\/iologik-e1200-et\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/moxa-iologik-e1200-main.webp\" alt=\"Moxa ioLogik E1200 Ethernet-kaug-I\/O moodulid\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Moxa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">ioLogik E1200 Ethernet-kaug-I\/O moodulid<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Etherneti kaug-I\/O Modbus TCP ja EtherNet\/IP toega ning kahe pordiga jada\u00fchenduse jaoks.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/control-systems-et\/plc-systems-et\/\">PLC-s\u00fcsteemid<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/control-systems-et\/plc-systems-et\/micro-plc-et\/\">Micro PLC<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/control-systems-et\/plc-systems-et\/slio-et\/\">SLIO<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/control-systems-et\/plc-systems-et\/300s-et\/\">300S+<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/tootekategooria\/tooteid\/control-systems-et\/gateways-et\/\">L\u00fc\u00fcsid<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Kas ehitad midagi uut v\u00f5i vahetad v\u00e4lja vanemat juhtimiss\u00fcsteemi? K\u00fcsi meie inseneridelt \u2013 vastuse saad 24 tunni jooksul.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/et\/kontakt\/\">K\u00fcsi inseneri k\u00e4est<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Korduma kippuvad k\u00fcsimused<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Mida t\u00e4hendab l\u00fchend PLC?<\/summary>\n<p>Programmable Logic Controller ehk programmeeritav loogikakontroller \u2013 masinate ja protsesside programmeeritav juhtimiss\u00fcsteem.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Milline PLC-keel on k\u00f5ige levinum?<\/summary>\n<p>Redeldiagramm (LD) on loogika jaoks endiselt levinud, kuid arvutuste ja suuremate programmide jaoks kasutatakse \u00fcha enam struktureeritud teksti (ST). Enamikus projektides kombineeritakse keeli.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Mis vahe on PLC-l ja DCS-il?<\/summary>\n<p>DCS (Distributed Control System ehk hajusjuhtimiss\u00fcsteem) on suurte protsessitehaste juhtimiss\u00fcsteem, milles juhtimine, operaatorikuvad ja andmebaasid on algusest peale integreeritud. PLC on iseseisvam ja k\u00f5ige levinum masinates ja v\u00e4iksemates seadmetes.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kas Siemensi keskkonnas saab kasutada teise tootja PLC-d?<\/summary>\n<p>Jah. On olemas S7-\u00fchilduvaid PLC-s\u00fcsteeme, n\u00e4iteks Yaskawalt, mida programmeeritakse SIMATIC Manageris v\u00f5i TIA Portalis. Kontrolli, milliseid funktsioone ja mooduleid toetatakse.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Mis on tarkvaraline PLC (soft PLC)?<\/summary>\n<p>PLC, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab tarkvarana t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvutis, mitte spetsiaalsel PLC-riistvaral. See pakub rohkem arvutusv\u00f5imsust, kuid vajab t\u00f6\u00f6stuskeskkonna jaoks ehitatud arvutit.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PLC on t\u00f6\u00f6stusarvuti, mis loeb andureid, teeb programmi j\u00e4rgi otsuseid ning juhib mootoreid, ventiile ja lampe \u2013 ikka ja j\u00e4lle, m\u00f5ne millisekundi kaupa. Selgitame, kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab, millised programmeerimiskeeled on olemas ja kuidas s\u00fcsteemi valida.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234368,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"plc kontroller","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mis on PLC? Loe, kuidas PLC t\u00f6\u00f6tab, mis on skaneerimists\u00fckkel, millised on IEC 61131-3 keeled ja kuidas valida kompaktse, moodul- ja hajus-I\/O vahel.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[670,882,896,884],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1011],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":14,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8234617","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mis on PLC? Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab ja kuidas valida \u00f5iget | SCN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mis on PLC? 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