{"id":8234497,"date":"2026-10-24T17:32:15","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234497"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:32:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:32:15","slug":"industrial-power-supplies","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/guides\/industrial-power-supplies\/","title":{"rendered":"Industrial power supplies \u2013 DIN rail, DC\/DC and UPS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Industrial power supplies \u2013 DIN rail, DC\/DC and UPS<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">A power supply that is too small or too hot can stop an entire machine. Here is how to size, cool and protect the 24 V supply \u2013 and when you need redundancy, a UPS or a DC\/DC converter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Short answer<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Size with margin<\/b> \u2013 add up the loads, allow for inrush currents and add roughly 20\u201330 %.<\/li>\n<li><b>Heat determines service life<\/b> \u2013 above a certain temperature the output must be derated.<\/li>\n<li><b>Redundancy<\/b> \u2013 two power supplies via a redundancy module survive the failure of one. Paralleling for more power gives no reserve.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fuses must trip<\/b> \u2013 without current reserve, a circuit breaker often fails to trip on a short circuit.<\/li>\n<li><b>UPS and buffer modules<\/b> \u2013 bridge outages, from seconds with capacitors to hours with batteries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How does a switched-mode power supply work?<\/h2>\n<p>Almost every power supply in a control cabinet today is a switched-mode type. The mains voltage is rectified and then chopped at high frequency, which allows a small transformer. The voltage is then rectified and filtered again, and a regulator keeps the output stable.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-natagg-f1-en.webp\" alt=\"Block diagram of a switched-mode power supply: EMC filter, rectifier with PFC, high-frequency switching stage, transformer for galvanic isolation and output rectifier with filter, with feedback that keeps the output voltage constant\" width=\"1520\" height=\"440\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>From mains voltage to a stable 24 V DC in five stages.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The transformer isolates the output galvanically from the mains, so the 24 V side can be treated as extra-low voltage (SELV or PELV). Equipment on the public grid must meet the harmonic limits in EN 61000-3-2, which apply from 75 W. That is why larger units have power factor correction (PFC).<\/p>\n<h2>What size of power supply do you need?<\/h2>\n<p>Add up the current of every load on 24 V: PLC, I\/O, sensors, valves, relays and panels. Add about 20\u201330 % margin for expansion and cooler running.<\/p>\n<h3>Inrush currents and power reserve<\/h3>\n<p>Loads with large input capacitors, such as industrial computers, draw a heavy current pulse at switch-on. DC motors, solenoid valves and brakes draw several times their rated current at start.<\/p>\n<p>Look for two things in the datasheet. <b>Power reserve (boost)<\/b> means the unit can deliver, for example, 150 % of rated power for a few seconds. <b>Overload behaviour<\/b> decides the rest: constant current limiting feeds full current until the load has started, while a unit that shuts down and retries (hiccup mode) may never start a large capacitive load.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\">\n<p style=\"margin:0\">Example: 12 A continuous load plus 25 % margin gives 15 A. A 24 V, 480 W unit (20 A) is enough, while 240 W (10 A) is too small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Single-phase or three-phase, and which input range?<\/h2>\n<p>Below a few hundred watts, single-phase usually suffices. A wide input range such as 85\u2013264 V AC works worldwide, and many units also accept DC.<\/p>\n<p>At higher power, three-phase is common. It loads the phases evenly, and 340\u2013550 V AC input covers both 400 V and 480 V networks.<\/p>\n<p>24 V DC is the standard in automation, while 48 V is used in telecoms and for PoE. In small enclosures, width is counted in 17.5 mm modules, and ultra-slim units from one module wide fit distribution boards and building automation.<\/p>\n<h2>Efficiency, heat and mounting<\/h2>\n<p>At 480 W output and 94 % efficiency, losses are about 31 W. At 88 % they are 65 W \u2013 twice as much heat in the cabinet.<\/p>\n<p>Above a certain ambient temperature, often 50\u201360 \u00b0C, output must be reduced along the derating curve. The rule of thumb is that electrolytic capacitor life halves for every 10 \u00b0C rise.<\/p>\n<p>DIN rail power supplies are usually convection-cooled. Mount them in the orientation the datasheet specifies, with free space above and below. Mounting on the side or next to a frequency inverter may call for heavy derating.<\/p>\n<h2>Redundancy and selectivity \u2013 when the supply must not fail<\/h2>\n<p>In process plants, water treatment and tunnels, one failed unit must not cut the supply. The answer is N+1 redundancy: two units that can each carry the full load, connected through a redundancy module. The module decouples the outputs with diodes or MOSFETs (OR-ing), so a failed unit cannot pull down the healthy one. Wire up both DC OK contacts, or nobody will notice when one fails.<\/p>\n<p>Paralleling with current sharing gives more power, but no reserve if the load needs every unit.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-natagg-f2-en.webp\" alt=\"Block diagram: two power supplies feed a redundancy module that decouples them. The module and a DC UPS with battery feed a 24 V bus, and each load has its own fuse\" width=\"1520\" height=\"560\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>N+1 redundancy with a DC UPS and one fuse per load group.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Selectivity<\/b> means that only the fuse for the faulty circuit trips. A type B circuit breaker needs 3\u20135 times its rated current to trip instantly, type C 5\u201310 times. A 10 A power supply will therefore never trip a B6 breaker quickly, and the voltage drops for every load in the meantime. Use a unit that delivers a short current pulse of several times its rating, or electronic circuit breakers per output.<\/p>\n<h2>UPS and buffer modules for 24 V DC<\/h2>\n<p>A standard power supply holds its output for roughly 20 ms after an outage. Longer outages need something more:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Capacitor buffer module<\/b> \u2013 maintenance-free, for outages of up to a few seconds.<\/li>\n<li><b>DC UPS with battery<\/b> \u2013 a controller charges the battery and switches it in on an outage. Lasts minutes or hours, so a PLC or computer can shut down in a controlled way.<\/li>\n<li><b>AC UPS (uninterruptible power supply)<\/b> \u2013 for computers and equipment that need 230 or 115 V AC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"g-short\">\n<p style=\"margin:0\">Lead-acid batteries age quickly in warm cabinets. Choose a controller with battery test and an alarm contact, and replace the battery regularly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>DC\/DC converters for vehicles, rail and defence<\/h2>\n<p>A DC\/DC converter turns a varying battery voltage into a stable one, for example 24 V to 12 V for a radio.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vehicles and mobile machines<\/b> \u2013 the voltage dips during cranking and rises sharply on load dump, as described in ISO 16750-2. Choose a wide input range, such as 9\u201336 V.<\/li>\n<li><b>Isolated or non-isolated<\/b> \u2013 an isolated converter breaks ground loops. A non-isolated one is smaller but shares the negative with the battery.<\/li>\n<li><b>Rail<\/b> \u2013 EN 50155 sets requirements for temperature, voltage variation, interruptions, vibration and EMC at 24, 72 or 110 V DC.<\/li>\n<li><b>Defence and aerospace<\/b> \u2013 MIL converters for 28 V, designed for the transients in MIL-STD-1275 (ground vehicles) and MIL-STD-704 (aircraft), often baseplate-cooled.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Which approvals do you need?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Standard<\/th>\n<th>Covers<\/th>\n<th>Typical use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">EN 62368-1<\/td>\n<td>Electrical safety for IT and AV equipment, has replaced EN 60950-1<\/td>\n<td>Automation, IT and telecoms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">UL 508 or UL 61010-2-201<\/td>\n<td>Electrical safety for industrial control equipment in North America<\/td>\n<td>Export to the US and Canada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">IEC 60601-1<\/td>\n<td>Medical electrical equipment: isolation and leakage current, e.g. 2 \u00d7 MOPP<\/td>\n<td>Medical devices<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">EN 50155<\/td>\n<td>Electronics on rolling stock<\/td>\n<td>Rolling stock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">EN 61000-6-2 and -6-4<\/td>\n<td>EMC: immunity and emission in industrial environments<\/td>\n<td>Equipment in control cabinets<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">MIL-STD-461, -704 and -1275<\/td>\n<td>EMC and power quality for defence equipment<\/td>\n<td>Military vehicles, aircraft and ships<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Application examples and common mistakes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Factory<\/b> \u2013 24 V for PLCs, I\/O, sensors and valves.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vehicles and mobile machines<\/b> \u2013 DC\/DC converters for 12 and 24 V in forestry machines, forklifts, buses and emergency vehicles.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energy and infrastructure<\/b> \u2013 DC-input units in substations, DC UPS in pumping stations and tunnels.<\/li>\n<li><b>Medical technology<\/b> \u2013 power supplies to IEC 60601-1.<\/li>\n<li><b>Defence<\/b> \u2013 MIL converters and UPS units for vehicles and ships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Sized for continuous load only.<\/b> Inrush currents can cause overload at every switch-on.<\/li>\n<li><b>Derating forgotten.<\/b> A power supply in a 60 \u00b0C cabinet can deliver only part of its rated power.<\/li>\n<li><b>Parallel mistaken for redundant.<\/b> Without a redundancy module and reserve, one fault takes down everything.<\/li>\n<li><b>The fuse does not trip.<\/b> Check that the unit can deliver enough current to trip the fuse.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Power supplies from SCN<\/h2>\n<p>We supply single-phase and three-phase DIN rail power supplies from Mean Well and Mibbo, and DC UPS controllers from Mean Well. For defence, aerospace and naval use we offer DC\/DC converters, hold-up modules, AC\/DC power supplies and UPS units from Enercon.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples from our range<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/sdr-480p\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/SDR-480P.png\" alt=\"Mean Well SDR-480P Single Output Industrial DIN RAIL with PFC and Parallel Function 480W\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Mean Well<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">SDR-480P Single Output Industrial DIN RAIL with PFC and Parallel Function 480W<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">480 W with active PFC, 94 % efficiency, 150 % peak load, DC OK contact and current sharing for parallel use.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/mlr-ultra-slim-din-rail-power-supply\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mibbo-mlr-main.webp\" alt=\"Mibbo MLR Ultra-Slim DIN Rail Power Supply\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Mibbo<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">MLR Ultra-Slim DIN Rail Power Supply<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">From 17.5 mm wide, 15\u2013150 W, 85\u2013264 V AC or 120\u2013370 V DC input \u2013 for small cabinets.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/enercon-m8727\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/enercon-m8727-main.webp\" alt=\"Enercon M8727 80 W dual-output DC-DC converter\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Enercon<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">M8727 80 W dual-output DC-DC converter<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">For 28 V systems in ground vehicles and aircraft: 18\u201348 V DC input, \u221255 to +85 \u00b0C, designed to meet MIL-STD-1275 and MIL-STD-704.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/components\/power-supplies\/\">Power supplies<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/components\/power-supplies\/single-phase\/\">Single-phase power supplies<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/components\/power-supplies\/3-phase\/\">Three-phase power supplies<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/components\/power-supplies\/dcdc-mil\/\">DC\/DC MIL<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/components\/power-supplies\/ups\/\">UPS<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Not sure what size of power supply you need, or how to build a redundant 24 V supply? Ask one of our engineers \u2013 you get an answer within 24 hours.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/contact\/\">Ask an engineer<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>What size of power supply do I need?<\/summary>\n<p>Add up the current of all loads, allow for inrush currents and add 20\u201330 % margin. Check that the rating applies at the cabinet temperature.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the difference between a linear and a switched-mode power supply?<\/summary>\n<p>A linear supply turns surplus voltage into heat. It is electrically quiet but inefficient. A switched-mode supply is smaller and far more efficient.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can you connect two power supplies in parallel?<\/summary>\n<p>Yes, if they are designed for it and have current sharing. For redundancy you also need a redundancy module, and each unit must be able to carry the full load on its own.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the difference between a DC UPS and a buffer module?<\/summary>\n<p>A buffer module stores energy in capacitors and covers outages of up to a few seconds without maintenance. A DC UPS uses a battery and lasts minutes or hours, but the battery must be checked and replaced.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A power supply that is too small or too hot can stop an entire machine. Here is how to size, cool and protect the 24 V supply \u2013 and when you need redundancy, a UPS or a DC\/DC converter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234477,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"industrial power supply","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"How to choose an industrial power supply: sizing, inrush current, derating, redundancy, selectivity, DC UPS, DC\/DC converters and approvals explained.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[673,674,731,778,735],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1011,1037,985],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":50,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8234497","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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