{"id":8234195,"date":"2026-10-24T17:28:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234195"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:29:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:29:33","slug":"load-cell-types","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/guides\/load-cell-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Load cell types, accuracy classes and installation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Load cell types, accuracy classes and installation<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">A load cell converts force or weight into an electrical signal and sits at the heart of every industrial scale. This guide explains how it works, which types exist, what C3 means and how to install it so the scale weighs correctly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Short answer<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Principle<\/b> \u2013 strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge give a few millivolts per volt of excitation, often 2 mV\/V.<\/li>\n<li><b>Type<\/b> \u2013 single point for platform scales, bending and shear beams for floor scales and tanks, S-type for tension and column cells for large loads.<\/li>\n<li><b>Class<\/b> \u2013 C3 means class C to OIML R60 with 3,000 verification intervals. That is enough for most industrial scales.<\/li>\n<li><b>Electronics<\/b> \u2013 a weight transmitter or indicator converts the signal to 4\u201320 mA, 0\u201310 V or fieldbus.<\/li>\n<li><b>Installation<\/b> \u2013 side forces, shocks, welding current and rigid pipes cause more errors than the load cell itself.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How a load cell works<\/h2>\n<p>A load cell is a metal body, usually steel or aluminium, that bends very slightly under load. Strain gauges are bonded to it: thin metal foils whose resistance changes when they are stretched or compressed. Four gauges are connected in a <b>Wheatstone bridge<\/b>. Two stretch and two compress, so the signal is as large as possible while temperature effects cancel out.<\/p>\n<p>The bridge is powered with an excitation voltage, often 5 or 10 V. The output is stated in <b>mV\/V<\/b> at full load. A 2 mV\/V load cell with 10 V excitation therefore gives 20 mV at rated load. The signal is weak and is amplified in a high-resolution weight indicator or transmitter.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-lastcell-f1-en.webp\" alt=\"Wheatstone bridge with four strain gauges. When the beam is loaded, two gauges stretch and two compress. With 2 mV\/V and 10 V excitation the signal is 20 mV at full load.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"604\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge give a signal in millivolts per volt of excitation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The cable has four or six wires. With six wires the electronics measure the excitation directly at the load cell, so voltage drop in the cable has no effect. A 4-wire cable is part of the cell\u2019s calibration and must not be shortened.<\/p>\n<h2>Which type of load cell do you need?<\/h2>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-lastcell-f2-en.webp\" alt=\"Five types of load cell: single point, bending beam, shear beam, S-type and column, with arrows showing how the force is applied.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"452\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>The shape of the load cell decides how it is loaded and which scales it suits.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Typical use<\/th>\n<th>Features<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Single point<\/td>\n<td>Platform and bench scales, packaging machines<\/td>\n<td>One cell under the platform. Compensated for off-centre loads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Bending beam<\/td>\n<td>Small scales and dosing scales<\/td>\n<td>Simple and cost-effective at low loads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Shear beam<\/td>\n<td>Floor scales, pallet scales, tanks and silos<\/td>\n<td>Measures shear and is less sensitive to where the load acts. Common up to tens of tonnes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">S-type<\/td>\n<td>Hanging scales, tensile tests, lifting<\/td>\n<td>Measures tension and compression in line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Column<\/td>\n<td>Truck scales, large silos and tanks<\/td>\n<td>For very large loads, up to hundreds of tonnes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>There are also special cells, such as wire rope load cells that clamp onto a rope and act as overload protection on lifting equipment.<\/p>\n<h2>Accuracy classes \u2013 what does C3 mean?<\/h2>\n<p>Load cells for scales used in trade are classified to <b>OIML R60<\/b>. The letter gives the accuracy class and the number how many verification intervals, in thousands, the cell supports. C3 means class C with 3,000 intervals, C6 class C with 6,000.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Class<\/th>\n<th>Number of intervals<\/th>\n<th>Typical use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">A<\/td>\n<td>50,000 and above<\/td>\n<td>Precision weighing in laboratories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">B<\/td>\n<td>5,000\u2013100,000<\/td>\n<td>Precision scales<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">C<\/td>\n<td>500\u201310,000<\/td>\n<td>Industrial and trade scales<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">D<\/td>\n<td>100\u20131,000<\/td>\n<td>Basic scales<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The scale itself is classified to <b>OIML R76<\/b>, where class III is the most common in industry and trade. The load cells must support at least as many intervals as the scale has divisions. A 3,000 kg scale with 1 kg divisions needs load cells rated for at least 3,000 intervals, such as C3. Automatic gravimetric filling instruments fall under OIML R61.<\/p>\n<p>Also compare combined error (linearity and hysteresis), creep under constant load and how temperature affects zero and sensitivity.<\/p>\n<h2>From load cell to control system<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Analogue weight transmitter<\/b> \u2013 converts the signal to 4\u201320 mA or 0\u201310 V for a PLC analogue input. Simple, but the input card limits resolution.<\/li>\n<li><b>Digital weight transmitter<\/b> \u2013 sends the weight over Modbus, Profinet, EtherNet\/IP or another fieldbus, with higher resolution and diagnostics.<\/li>\n<li><b>Weight indicator<\/b> \u2013 display, keys and relay outputs for weighing, setpoints and dosing at the scale. Approved models can be used for trade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When a scale has several load cells, they are connected in parallel in a junction box. There you can also trim the corners so the scale shows the same weight wherever the load sits.<\/p>\n<h2>Installation \u2013 where errors happen<\/h2>\n<p>Work out the maximum load per cell: tare plus maximum load, divided by the number of cells, plus a margin for uneven distribution and shocks. Three cells under a round tank always share the load evenly. With four cells, the load can be shared unevenly if the base is not flat.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Side forces and twisting.<\/b> The load must act straight. Use mounting kits that absorb thermal expansion and small misalignments, and mount on flat, rigid bases.<\/li>\n<li><b>Rigid pipes on tanks.<\/b> Pipes fixed to a weighed tank carry part of the weight. Use flexible connections.<\/li>\n<li><b>Welding near the scale.<\/b> Welding current through the load cell can destroy it. Connect the welding earth close to the weld and route current past the cell with an earth strap.<\/li>\n<li><b>Shocks and overload.<\/b> A load dropped from a small height can produce a force far above the rated load. Allow a margin and use mechanical stops.<\/li>\n<li><b>Moisture and shortened cables.<\/b> Moisture in the cable or junction box causes drift. Keep everything sealed, and never shorten a 4-wire cable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Where are load cells used?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Food and packaging<\/b> \u2013 dosing scales, filling of bags and drums and checkweighers in the line.<\/li>\n<li><b>Process industry<\/b> \u2013 tank and silo weighing of raw materials, liquids and powders.<\/li>\n<li><b>Logistics and recycling<\/b> \u2013 floor scales, pallet scales and truck scales.<\/li>\n<li><b>Lifting and mobile machines<\/b> \u2013 overload protection on cranes, hoists and lifts.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energy<\/b> \u2013 weighing wood chips and pellets in biomass plants.<\/li>\n<li><b>Testing and research<\/b> \u2013 force measurement in test rigs and materials testing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Load cells and weighing electronics from SCN<\/h2>\n<p>We carry load cells, weight transmitters and indicators from Laumas, from flat cells for small scales to wire rope cells for lifting and approved indicators for dosing. Tell us the load, number of cells, environment and control system, and we will help you put the whole chain together.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples from our range<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/laumas-ftkl-shear-beam-load-cell\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/laumas-ftkl-main.webp\" alt=\"Laumas FTKL Shear Beam Load Cell\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Laumas<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">FTKL Shear Beam Load Cell<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Nickel-plated steel shear beam for 500\u20135,000 kg, OIML R60 C3 approved, IP67.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/laumas-w200-weight-indicator-for-batching\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/laumas-w200-main.webp\" alt=\"Laumas W200 Weight Indicator for Batching\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Laumas<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">W200 Weight Indicator for Batching<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Batching indicator for up to 14 products, OIML R76 and R61 approved, with optional PROFINET or EtherNet\/IP.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/laumas-tlc-analog-weight-transmitter\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/laumas-tlc-main.webp\" alt=\"Laumas TLC Analog Weight Transmitter\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Laumas<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">TLC Analog Weight Transmitter<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Compact board that converts the signal from up to four 350 \u03a9 load cells to 4\u201320 mA or 0\u201310 V for the PLC.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/sensors\/load-cells\/\">Load cells<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/sensors\/\">Sensors<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/control-systems\/plc-systems\/\">PLC systems<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/network-products\/industrial-connectivity\/protocol-gateways\/\">Protocol gateways<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/connectors-and-cables\/\">Connectors and cables<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Building or upgrading a scale? Ask one of our engineers about load cells and electronics \u2013 you get an answer within 24 hours.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/contact\/\">Ask an engineer<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>What does mV\/V mean on a load cell?<\/summary>\n<p>It is the output at full load per volt of excitation. 2 mV\/V with 10 V excitation gives 20 mV at rated load. The value is used when calibrating the electronics.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What does C3 mean?<\/summary>\n<p>Class C to OIML R60 with 3,000 verification intervals. The cell is suitable for a scale with up to 3,000 divisions.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many load cells do I need?<\/summary>\n<p>Three give stable load sharing under round tanks and silos. Rectangular platforms often use four. Smaller platforms can manage with a single point cell.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How do I check a load cell?<\/summary>\n<p>Measure the bridge input and output resistance and the insulation to the housing, and check the zero signal with no load. Compare with the values in the datasheet.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can I shorten the cable?<\/summary>\n<p>Not a 4-wire cable, because it is part of the cell\u2019s calibration and temperature compensation. A 6-wire cable can be shortened, since the electronics measure the excitation at the cell.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A load cell converts force or weight into an electrical signal and sits at the heart of every industrial scale. This guide explains how it works, which types exist, what C3 means and how to install it so the scale weighs correctly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234048,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"load cell types","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Load cells explained: strain gauges, mV\/V, types such as shear beam and S-type, OIML classes such as C3 and installation without errors. 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