{"id":8234157,"date":"2026-10-24T17:27:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:27:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234157"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:29:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:29:31","slug":"inclinometer-sensor","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/guides\/inclinometer-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines \u2013 static or dynamic?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines \u2013 static or dynamic?<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">An inclinometer measures the angle to vertical on cranes, aerial work platforms, excavators and solar trackers. This guide explains why a simple sensor can show the wrong angle when the machine moves, and how to choose axes, accuracy, interface and safety level.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Short answer<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Static inclinometer<\/b> \u2013 measures gravity with an accelerometer. Accurate when the machine is still or moving slowly.<\/li>\n<li><b>Dynamic inclinometer<\/b> \u2013 combines accelerometer and gyroscope through sensor fusion. Needed when the machine accelerates, brakes, slews or vibrates.<\/li>\n<li><b>One or two axes<\/b> \u2013 one axis with 360\u00b0 for booms, two axes with \u00b190\u00b0 for levelling chassis and platforms.<\/li>\n<li><b>Accuracy is not resolution<\/b> \u2013 a sensor can display 0.01\u00b0 and still be accurate to only \u00b10.3\u00b0.<\/li>\n<li><b>CANopen and SAE J1939<\/b> are standard on mobile machines. Analogue 4\u201320 mA or 0\u201310 V suits simpler controls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What does an inclinometer measure?<\/h2>\n<p>An inclinometer, or tilt sensor, measures the angle between the sensor and vertical. It needs no mechanical link to a shaft. You simply bolt it to the part whose angle you want: a boom, a chassis, a bucket or a row of solar panels.<\/p>\n<p>Inside is a MEMS accelerometer, a tiny silicon structure that senses gravity. When the sensor tilts, gravity is shared between its axes, and the angle is calculated from the ratio between them.<\/p>\n<h2>Static or dynamic \u2013 why the sensor can be wrong<\/h2>\n<p>An accelerometer cannot tell gravity from any other acceleration. When the machine stands still, that is no problem. But when a crane boom slews, an excavator brakes or a tractor drives over a rock, the acceleration of the movement adds to gravity, and the sensor thinks the angle has changed.<\/p>\n<p>The error grows quickly. A lateral acceleration of 0.1 g, about 1 m\/s\u00b2, gives an angle error of almost 6 degrees.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-lutning-f1-en.webp\" alt=\"Two situations for a level machine. Standing still, the accelerometer measures only gravity and reads 0\u00b0. Braking at 0.1 g, the measured force tilts and the sensor reads 5.7\u00b0 although the machine is level.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"600\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>A static sensor cannot tell braking from tilt. Here it reads 5.7\u00b0 although the machine is level.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A static sensor damps the disturbances with filters, but that also makes the signal slow. A dynamic sensor has both an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The gyro measures rotation rate and reacts instantly to real changes in angle, but drifts slowly over time. The accelerometer is right in the long term but disturbed by motion. With sensor fusion, often a Kalman filter, the angle becomes both fast and stable.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-lutning-f2-en.webp\" alt=\"Block diagram: signals from accelerometer and gyroscope are combined by sensor fusion, such as a Kalman filter, into a stable angle sent via CANopen, SAE J1939 or analogue output.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"444\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>A dynamic sensor combines accelerometer and gyroscope into an angle that is both fast and stable.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>If you need to \u2026<\/th>\n<th>choose<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Level outriggers or a chassis while the machine is still<\/td>\n<td>Static, two axes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Measure a boom or arm angle during movement<\/td>\n<td>Dynamic, one or two axes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Control a slowly rotating solar tracker<\/td>\n<td>Static, one axis \u2013 dynamic if wind and vibration are significant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Measure tilt on a moving vehicle, for example off-road<\/td>\n<td>Dynamic sensor or 6-axis IMU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Run your own motion and stability algorithms<\/td>\n<td>IMU with raw accelerometer and gyro data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Axes, accuracy and common mistakes<\/h2>\n<p>A single-axis sensor with a 360\u00b0 range suits anything that rotates in one plane, such as a crane boom. A dual-axis sensor measures pitch and roll, usually \u00b190\u00b0, and suits levelling of chassis, platforms and implements.<\/p>\n<p>Distinguish between resolution and accuracy. Resolution is the smallest step the sensor can show, for example 0.01\u00b0. Accuracy tells you how close the value is to the truth, for example \u00b10.1\u00b0 or \u00b10.5\u00b0. Dynamic sensors are often given two values: static accuracy when the machine is still and dynamic accuracy when it moves. Also check temperature drift \u2013 mobile machines work in both winter cold and summer heat.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>A static sensor on a moving machine.<\/b> The value jumps when the machine brakes or slews, and a heavy filter makes it sluggish. Choose a dynamic sensor.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mounting on a vibrating part.<\/b> On a thin plate the sensor measures the movement of the plate. Mount it on a rigid surface.<\/li>\n<li><b>Confusing resolution with accuracy.<\/b> Two decimals do not make a value correct. Compare accuracy and temperature drift.<\/li>\n<li><b>Wrong mounting orientation.<\/b> The sensor measures relative to its housing. Check axis, direction and zero point during commissioning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Outputs: CANopen, SAE J1939 or analogue<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>CANopen<\/b> \u2013 common on cranes, aerial platforms and other mobile machines. Inclinometers have their own device profile, CiA 410, which makes sensors from different makers similar to configure.<\/li>\n<li><b>SAE J1939<\/b> \u2013 standard in trucks, agricultural and construction machinery. A good fit when the sensor joins the same network as engine and transmission.<\/li>\n<li><b>Analogue 4\u201320 mA or 0\u201310 V<\/b> \u2013 simple connection to a PLC or controller without CAN. 4\u201320 mA copes with long cables and shows a broken wire as 0 mA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sensors mounted on the outside of a machine must withstand weather, washing and vibration. IP67 and IP69K, M12 connectors and a temperature range down to \u221240 \u00b0C are common.<\/p>\n<h2>Functional safety: ISO 13849, IEC 61508 and ISO 25119<\/h2>\n<p>When the inclinometer is there to stop a crane or aerial platform from tipping over, it becomes part of a safety function. Requirements then apply to the whole chain from sensor to controller, and the sensor often needs to be certified.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>ISO 13849-1<\/b> \u2013 safety of machinery, with performance levels PL a\u2013e.<\/li>\n<li><b>IEC 61508<\/b> \u2013 the basic functional safety standard, with SIL 1\u20134.<\/li>\n<li><b>ISO 25119<\/b> \u2013 tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, with AgPL a\u2013e.<\/li>\n<li><b>ISO 19014<\/b> \u2013 earth-moving machinery such as excavators and wheel loaders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Product standards often refer to these, for example EN 280-1 for aerial work platforms and EN 13000 for mobile cranes. If the sensor is part of a safety function, ask for the certificate and safety manual \u2013 high accuracy is not enough.<\/p>\n<h2>Where are inclinometers used?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Cranes<\/b> \u2013 boom angle for load moment limitation and chassis tilt before the outriggers are locked.<\/li>\n<li><b>Aerial work platforms<\/b> \u2013 tilt monitoring that stops movement when the machine leans too far.<\/li>\n<li><b>Excavators<\/b> \u2013 angle of boom, stick and bucket for machine control.<\/li>\n<li><b>Agriculture and forestry<\/b> \u2013 levelling sprayer booms, harvester tilt and stability on slopes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energy<\/b> \u2013 solar trackers that turn the panels to follow the sun.<\/li>\n<li><b>Rail and infrastructure<\/b> \u2013 track maintenance machines and monitoring of bridges and slopes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Medical technology<\/b> \u2013 tilt of patient tables and beds.<\/li>\n<li><b>Defence and rescue<\/b> \u2013 levelling of vehicles, masts and antennas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Inclinometers from SCN<\/h2>\n<p>We carry static and dynamic inclinometers and 6-axis IMUs from Gemac and Posital, with CANopen, SAE J1939 and analogue outputs. There are economical versions for simpler machines and precision sensors with \u00b10.1\u00b0 static accuracy.<\/p>\n<h3>Examples from our range<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/motus-blackline-nc\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/gemac-motus-blackline-nc-main.webp\" alt=\"Gemac MOTUS Blackline NC Dynamic Inclinometer\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Gemac<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">MOTUS Blackline NC Dynamic Inclinometer<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Dynamic dual-axis sensor with \u00b10.1\u00b0 static and \u00b10.5\u00b0 dynamic accuracy. Kalman filter against vibration and acceleration.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/motus-greenline-se\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/gemac-motus-greenline-se-main.webp\" alt=\"Gemac MOTUS Greenline SE Static Tilt Sensor\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Gemac<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">MOTUS Greenline SE Static Tilt Sensor<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Economical static sensor, one axis 360\u00b0 or two axes \u00b190\u00b0. CANopen, SAE J1939, 4\u201320 mA or 0\u201310 V.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product\/aks-360-1-ca01-vk2-pw\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/AKS-360-1-CA01-VK2-PW.jpeg\" alt=\"Posital AKS-360-1-CA01-VK2-PW Inclinometer\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">AKS-360-1-CA01-VK2-PW Inclinometer<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Inclinometer with CANopen, IP68 and IP69K, for \u221240 to +75 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/sensors\/inclination-sensors\/\">Inclination sensors<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/sensors\/inclination-sensors\/inclination-sensors-mobile\/\">Inclination sensors for mobile machines<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/network-products\/can-interfaces\/\">CAN interfaces<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/sensors\/\">Sensors<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/product-category\/products\/connectors-and-cables\/\">Connectors and cables<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Tell us how the machine moves and which control system you use, and our engineers will help you choose the right inclinometer \u2013 you get an answer within 24 hours.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/contact\/\">Ask an engineer<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Are an inclinometer and a tilt sensor the same thing?<\/summary>\n<p>Yes. Inclinometer, tilt sensor and inclination sensor are used for the same type of sensor, which measures the angle to vertical.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is my inclinometer wrong when the machine moves?<\/summary>\n<p>A static sensor cannot tell gravity from acceleration. When the machine brakes, slews or vibrates, the movement is read as tilt. A dynamic sensor with a gyroscope and sensor fusion solves this.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is an IMU?<\/summary>\n<p>An IMU (inertial measurement unit) has a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. It gives acceleration and rotation rate in all directions, and often a calculated tilt as well.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How accurate is an inclinometer?<\/summary>\n<p>Sensors for mobile machines are often accurate to \u00b10.1\u20130.5\u00b0 when the machine is still. During movement the error grows, especially for static sensors.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Do I need a safety-rated inclinometer?<\/summary>\n<p>If the sensor is part of a safety function, such as tip-over protection on a crane or aerial platform, the function must meet the level required by the risk assessment. That often requires a certified sensor.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An inclinometer measures the angle to vertical on cranes, aerial work platforms, excavators and solar trackers. This guide explains why a simple sensor can show the wrong angle when the machine moves, and how to choose axes, accuracy, interface and safety level.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234052,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"inclinometer sensor","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines: static or dynamic, sensor fusion, one or two axes, accuracy, CANopen and SAE J1939, and functional safety.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[679,680],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1037,1012,1011],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":28,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8234157","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines \u2013 static or dynamic? | SCN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines: static or dynamic, sensor fusion, one or two axes, accuracy, CANopen and SAE J1939, and functional safety.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/guides\/inclinometer-sensor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines \u2013 static or dynamic? | SCN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines: static or dynamic, sensor fusion, one or two axes, accuracy, CANopen and SAE J1939, and functional safety.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/en\/guides\/inclinometer-sensor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-24T17:29:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-lutning-f1-en.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1520\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/\",\"name\":\"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines \u2013 static or dynamic? | SCN\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/scn-guide-lutning-f1-en.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-24T17:27:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-24T17:29:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"Inclinometer sensors for mobile machines: static or dynamic, sensor fusion, one or two axes, accuracy, CANopen and SAE J1939, and functional safety.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/en\\\/guides\\\/inclinometer-sensor\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/scn-guide-lutning-f1-en.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/scn.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/scn-guide-lutning-f1-en.webp\",\"width\":1520,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"Two situations for a level machine. 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