{"id":8235418,"date":"2026-10-24T17:31:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8235418"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:31:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:31:46","slug":"frekvensomformer","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/guider\/frekvensomformer\/","title":{"rendered":"Frekvensomformer \u2013 s\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du den rigtige"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Frekvensomformer \u2013 s\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du den rigtige<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">En frekvensomformer regulerer omdrejningstallet p\u00e5 en elmotor og sparer ofte meget energi i pumper og ventilatorer. Her gennemg\u00e5r vi styremetoder, dimensionering, bremsning, EMC og sikkerhed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Kort svar<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Funktion<\/b> \u2013 omformeren laver nettets faste 50 Hz om til variabel frekvens og sp\u00e6nding, s\u00e5 omdrejningstallet kan reguleres trinl\u00f8st.<\/li>\n<li><b>Dimension\u00e9r efter str\u00f8m<\/b> \u2013 tag udgangspunkt i motorens m\u00e6rkestr\u00f8m og lastens behov for overlast, ikke kun i effekten.<\/li>\n<li><b>Normal eller tung drift<\/b> \u2013 pumper og ventilatorer klarer sig oftest med normal drift. Transportb\u00e5nd, kraner og presser kr\u00e6ver tung drift.<\/li>\n<li><b>Bremsning<\/b> \u2013 store svingmasser og s\u00e6nkende laster kr\u00e6ver bremsemodstand eller tilbagef\u00f8ring til nettet.<\/li>\n<li><b>Installation<\/b> \u2013 sk\u00e6rmet motorkabel, det rigtige EMC-filter og STO er lige s\u00e5 vigtige som valget af omformer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Hvad g\u00f8r en frekvensomformer?<\/h2>\n<p>En asynkronmotor, der er koblet direkte p\u00e5 nettet, k\u00f8rer med n\u00e6sten konstant omdrejningstal \u2013 en firepolet motor ved 50 Hz med lidt under 1 500 omdrejninger i minuttet. Frekvensomformeren ensretter netsp\u00e6ndingen til en j\u00e6vnsp\u00e6nding i mellemkredsen. En vekselretter med IGBT-transistorer danner derefter en ny trefaset sp\u00e6nding med valgfri frekvens og sp\u00e6nding. Motoren kan s\u00e5 k\u00f8re trinl\u00f8st, med bl\u00f8d start og bl\u00f8dt stop. Omformeren styrer b\u00e5de asynkronmotorer og permanentmagnetiserede synkronmotorer (PM-motorer), som har h\u00f8jere virkningsgrad, men oftest ikke kan k\u00f8re direkte p\u00e5 nettet.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-frekvensomriktare-f1-da.webp\" alt=\"Blokdiagram: elnet, ensretter, mellemkreds, vekselretter og motor, med bremsechopper og bremsemodstand tilsluttet mellemkredsen.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"472\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Ensretter, mellemkreds og vekselretter. Ved nedbremsning tager en bremsechopper sig af energien.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Hvorfor sparer omdrejningsregulering energi?<\/h3>\n<p>I centrifugalpumper og ventilatorer stiger effektbehovet omtrent med omdrejningstallet i tredje potens. Ved 80 procent omdrejningstal skal der i teorien kun bruges cirka halvdelen af effekten. Ved drosling med ventil eller spj\u00e6ld k\u00f8rer motoren derimod med fuldt omdrejningstal, og energien g\u00e5r tabt. Med statisk l\u00f8fteh\u00f8jde eller modtryk bliver besparelsen mindre, men ofte stadig stor.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-frekvensomriktare-f2-da.webp\" alt=\"S\u00f8jlediagram: effektbehovet ved 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 og 50 procent omdrejningstal er 100, 73, 51, 34, 22 og 13 procent.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"512\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Teoretisk effektbehov for en pumpe eller ventilator uden statisk l\u00f8fteh\u00f8jde.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Hvor bruges frekvensomformere?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bygninger<\/b> \u2013 ventilatorer, cirkulationspumper og k\u00f8leanl\u00e6g i ventilation og varme.<\/li>\n<li><b>Vand og spildevand<\/b> \u2013 pumpestationer og bl\u00e6sere til beluftning i renseanl\u00e6g. Bl\u00f8d start og bl\u00f8dt stop mindsker trykst\u00f8dene.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fabrik og maskinbyggeri<\/b> \u2013 transportb\u00e5nd, blandere, ekstrudere og kompressorer.<\/li>\n<li><b>L\u00f8ft<\/b> \u2013 traverskraner, portalkraner og elevatorer, hvor omformeren styrer bremsesekvensen.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energi og s\u00f8fart<\/b> \u2013 k\u00f8levandspumper i kraftv\u00e6rker og spil om bord p\u00e5 skibe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>U\/f-styring eller vektorstyring?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Styremetode<\/th>\n<th>S\u00e5dan virker den<\/th>\n<th>Egnet til<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">U\/f-styring<\/td>\n<td>Sp\u00e6ndingen f\u00f8lger frekvensen i et fast forhold.<\/td>\n<td>Pumper, ventilatorer og flere motorer p\u00e5 samme omformer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Sensorl\u00f8s vektorstyring<\/td>\n<td>Omformeren beregner motorens flux og moment ud fra str\u00f8m og sp\u00e6nding.<\/td>\n<td>De fleste maskiner. Godt moment ved lave omdrejninger.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Vektorstyring med encoder<\/td>\n<td>En encoder melder det faktiske omdrejningstal tilbage.<\/td>\n<td>Fuldt moment ved stilstand, l\u00f8ftev\u00e6rker og oprulning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>PM-motorer kr\u00e6ver som regel vektorstyring. Ved idrifts\u00e6ttelsen udf\u00f8rer omformeren en motoridentifikation (autotuning), hvor den m\u00e5ler motorens data. Spring ikke det trin over.<\/p>\n<h2>Dimensionering \u2013 str\u00f8m, overlast og driftsform<\/h2>\n<p>Tag udgangspunkt i motorens m\u00e6rkestr\u00f8m. To motorer p\u00e5 15 kW kan have forskellig m\u00e6rkestr\u00f8m afh\u00e6ngigt af poltal og virkningsgrad.<\/p>\n<p>Mange omformere har to s\u00e6t m\u00e6rkedata: <b>normal drift (ND)<\/b> til laster med kvadratisk moment, som pumper og ventilatorer, og <b>tung drift (HD)<\/b> til konstant moment og tunge starter, som transportb\u00e5nd, blandere og stempelkompressorer. Typisk klarer normal drift 110 % overlast i 60 sekunder og tung drift 150 % i 60 sekunder. L\u00f8ftev\u00e6rker kr\u00e6ver fuldt moment ved stilstand, styring af den mekaniske bremse og ofte encoder.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e6rkedata g\u00e6lder ved en bestemt omgivelsestemperatur, h\u00f8jde og switchfrekvens. I en varm tavle, mere end 1 000 meter over havet eller med h\u00f8jere switchfrekvens skal m\u00e6rkestr\u00f8mmen ofte reduceres (derating).<\/p>\n<h2>Bremsning og tilbagef\u00f8ring<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00e5r en motor bremses eller en last s\u00e6nkes, arbejder motoren som generator. Energien g\u00e5r tilbage til mellemkredsen, og sp\u00e6ndingen stiger, indtil omformeren udkobler p\u00e5 oversp\u00e6nding.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bremsemodstand<\/b> \u2013 en bremsechopper kobler en modstand ind, som oms\u00e6tter energien til varme. Enkelt og billigt. Mindre omformere har ofte bremsechopperen indbygget.<\/li>\n<li><b>Regenerativ bremseenhed<\/b> \u2013 f\u00f8rer energien tilbage til nettet. Betaler sig ved hyppig bremsning i kraner, elevatorer og centrifuger.<\/li>\n<li><b>Aktiv ensretter eller matrixomformer<\/b> \u2013 omformeren f\u00f8rer selv energien tilbage og tr\u00e6kker en n\u00e6sten sinusformet str\u00f8m fra nettet med meget lave harmoniske.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>EMC, motorkabel og lejestr\u00f8mme<\/h2>\n<p>Omformerens hurtige switching giver h\u00f8jfrekvente forstyrrelser, og ensretteren giver harmoniske p\u00e5 nettet. Standarden EN 61800-3 inddeler drivsystemer i kategorier:<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kategori<\/th>\n<th>Milj\u00f8<\/th>\n<th>Eksempel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">C1<\/td>\n<td>Boliger og kontorer<\/td>\n<td>Sm\u00e5 omformere i bygninger, ofte med ekstra filter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">C2<\/td>\n<td>Som C1, installeres af fagkyndige<\/td>\n<td>Bygninger. Mange omformere har indbygget C2-filter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">C3<\/td>\n<td>Industri<\/td>\n<td>Fabrikker med egen transformer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">C4<\/td>\n<td>Industri, mindst 1 000 V eller 400 A<\/td>\n<td>Store drivsystemer med EMC-plan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sk\u00e6rmet motorkabel<\/b> \u2013 forbind sk\u00e6rmen hele vejen rundt (360\u00b0) i begge ender med EMC-forskruninger.<\/li>\n<li><b>Lange kabler<\/b> \u2013 sp\u00e6ndingsrefleksioner kan give spidser p\u00e5 op til den dobbelte mellemkredssp\u00e6nding ved motoren. Brug du\/dt-filter eller sinusfilter, hvis kablet er l\u00e6ngere end producentens gr\u00e6nse.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fejlstr\u00f8msafbryder<\/b> \u2013 EMC-filteret giver l\u00e6kstr\u00f8m, og en fejl kan give j\u00e6vnstr\u00f8m til jord. Trefasede omformere kr\u00e6ver ofte en fejlstr\u00f8msafbryder type B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Lejestr\u00f8mme<\/b> opst\u00e5r, n\u00e5r omformerens common mode-sp\u00e6nding aflades gennem motorens lejer. Udladningerne \u00e6tser riller i lejebanerne, og lejet kan havarere efter nogle m\u00e5neder. Risikoen stiger med motorens st\u00f8rrelse. L\u00f8sningerne er isolerede lejer, jordingsring p\u00e5 akslen, common mode-filter og korrekt sk\u00e6rmning.<\/p>\n<h2>Kommunikation, STO og placering<\/h2>\n<p>Enkle systemer styres med digitale indgange og en reference p\u00e5 0\u201310 V eller 4\u201320 mA. I moderne maskiner sker styringen oftest via netv\u00e6rk: <b>PROFINET<\/b> i Siemens-milj\u00f8er, <b>EtherNet\/IP<\/b> med Rockwell, <b>EtherCAT<\/b> i maskiner med motion control og <b>Modbus<\/b> eller BACnet i pumpestationer og bygninger. S\u00e5 kan styresystemet ogs\u00e5 afl\u00e6se str\u00f8m, moment, energiforbrug og alarmer.<\/p>\n<p><b>STO (Safe Torque Off)<\/b> fjerner motorens moment via to uafh\u00e6ngige kanaler. Funktionen er defineret i IEC 61800-5-2 og svarer til stopkategori 0 efter IEC 60204-1. Med et sikkerhedskort kan du ogs\u00e5 f\u00e5 SS1, kontrolleret nedbremsning efterfulgt af STO. STO erstatter ikke en sikkerhedsafbryder \u2013 motorkablet er stadig sp\u00e6ndingsf\u00f8rende.<\/p>\n<p>De fleste omformere har IP20 og monteres i tavler, hvor nogle f\u00e5 procent af effekten bliver til varme, som skal ventileres v\u00e6k. Til montering ude i anl\u00e6gget findes der modeller i IP55.<\/p>\n<h2>Almindelige fejl<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Omformeren v\u00e6lges efter kW.<\/b> En motor med mange poler eller lav virkningsgrad tr\u00e6kker mere str\u00f8m end en firepolet motor med samme effekt.<\/li>\n<li><b>En kontaktor afbryder motorkredsen under drift.<\/b> Det kan skade omformerens udgangstrin. Stop f\u00f8rst med STO eller en stopkommando.<\/li>\n<li><b>Bremsebehovet bliver glemt.<\/b> En stor ventilator eller et transportb\u00e5nd, der k\u00f8rer nedad, kan give oversp\u00e6ndingsalarm ved hvert stop.<\/li>\n<li><b>Motoren k\u00f8rer l\u00e6nge ved lavt omdrejningstal med h\u00f8jt moment.<\/b> En selvventileret motor k\u00f8les s\u00e5 d\u00e5rligere og bliver varm. Brug en separat k\u00f8leventilator eller en st\u00f8rre motor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Frekvensomformere hos SCN<\/h2>\n<p>Vi har frekvensomformere fra Yaskawa: universalmodeller fra 0,1 kW, h\u00f8jtydende omformere op til 630 kW og specialmodeller til bygninger, kraner og elevatorer samt regenerative bremseenheder og matrixomformeren U1000. Fort\u00e6l os om motor, last og milj\u00f8, s\u00e5 hj\u00e6lper vi dig med at v\u00e6lge st\u00f8rrelse og tilvalg.<\/p>\n<h3>Eksempler fra vores sortiment<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/hv600-hvac-inverter-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/yaskawa-hv600-main.webp\" alt=\"Yaskawa HV600 frekvensomformer til HVAC\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Yaskawa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">HV600 frekvensomformer til HVAC<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Til ventilatorer, pumper og kompressorer i bygninger, med indbygget C2-filter, BACnet og Modbus RTU.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/cr700-crane-inverter-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/yaskawa-cr700-main.webp\" alt=\"Yaskawa CR700 frekvensomformer til kraner\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Yaskawa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">CR700 frekvensomformer til kraner<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Kranomformer fra 0,55 til 315 kW med indbygget bremsesekvens og lastkontrol.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/u1000-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/U1000.png\" alt=\"Yaskawa U1000\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Yaskawa<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">U1000<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Matrixomformer med meget lave harmoniske og fuld tilbagef\u00f8ring af bremseenergien.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/drives-and-motion-da\/frequency-inverters-da\/\">Frekvensomformere<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/drives-and-motion-da\/frequency-inverters-da\/special-inverters-da\/\">Specialomformere<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/drives-and-motion-da\/\">Drev og motion<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/drives-and-motion-da\/servo-motors-da\/\">Servomotorer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/incremental-encoders\/\">Inkrementelle encodere<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Er du i tvivl om st\u00f8rrelse, bremsning eller EMC-filter? Sp\u00f8rg en af vores ingeni\u00f8rer \u2013 du f\u00e5r svar inden for 24 timer.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/kontakt\/\">Sp\u00f8rg en ingeni\u00f8r<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad er forskellen p\u00e5 en frekvensomformer og en softstarter?<\/summary>\n<p>En softstarter giver kun en bl\u00f8d start, og derefter k\u00f8rer motoren med fuldt omdrejningstal. En frekvensomformer regulerer omdrejningstallet under hele driften og kan derfor spare energi.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kan jeg k\u00f8re en almindelig motor med frekvensomformer?<\/summary>\n<p>Ja, de fleste moderne asynkronmotorer kan t\u00e5le det. Ved lange kabler, forsyning med 690 V og store motorer b\u00f8r du kontrollere motorens isolation og beskyttelse mod lejestr\u00f8mme.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad betyder STO p\u00e5 en frekvensomformer?<\/summary>\n<p>Safe Torque Off, en sikkerhedsfunktion, der fjerner motorens moment via to uafh\u00e6ngige kanaler. Den erstatter ikke en sikkerhedsafbryder ved elarbejde.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kan en frekvensomformer forsynes med enfaset str\u00f8m?<\/summary>\n<p>Ja, mindre omformere kan forsynes med enfaset 230 V og giver alligevel trefaset sp\u00e6nding til motoren, som s\u00e5 oftest forbindes i trekant.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En frekvensomformer regulerer omdrejningstallet p\u00e5 en elmotor og sparer ofte meget energi i pumper og ventilatorer. Her gennemg\u00e5r vi styremetoder, dimensionering, bremsning, EMC og sikkerhed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8235336,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"frekvensomformer","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"S\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du frekvensomformer: U\/f- eller vektorstyring, dimensionering, bremsemodstand, EMC-filter, motorkabel og STO. Praktisk guide fra SCN.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[907,906],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1011,1012],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":40,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8235418","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Frekvensomformer \u2013 s\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du den rigtige | SCN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du frekvensomformer: U\/f- eller vektorstyring, dimensionering, bremsemodstand, EMC-filter, motorkabel og STO. 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