{"id":8234563,"date":"2026-10-24T17:27:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234563"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:29:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:29:33","slug":"absolut-eller-inkrementel-encoder","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/guider\/absolut-eller-inkrementel-encoder\/","title":{"rendered":"Absolut eller inkrementel encoder? S\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Absolut eller inkrementel encoder? S\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">En encoder, eller drejegiver, fort\u00e6ller, hvordan en aksel roterer: hvor hurtigt, i hvilken retning og i hvilken position. Her gennemg\u00e5r vi forskellen p\u00e5 inkrementelle og absolutte encodere, singleturn og multiturn, interfaces og mekanik.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Kort svar<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Inkrementel encoder<\/b> \u2013 giver pulser, n\u00e5r akslen roterer. Enkel og prisvenlig til omdrejningstal og relativ position, men mister positionen, n\u00e5r str\u00f8mmen afbrydes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Absolut encoder<\/b> \u2013 giver en unik kode for hver position. Ved, hvor akslen st\u00e5r, straks ved opstart, uden referencek\u00f8rsel.<\/li>\n<li><b>Singleturn eller multiturn<\/b> \u2013 singleturn holder styr p\u00e5 positionen inden for \u00e9n omdrejning, multiturn t\u00e6ller ogs\u00e5 antallet af omdrejninger.<\/li>\n<li><b>Interfacet styrer valget<\/b> \u2013 HTL eller TTL til pulser, SSI eller BiSS til hurtige positionsdata, CANopen, PROFINET eller EtherCAT til netv\u00e6rk.<\/li>\n<li><b>Magnetisk eller optisk<\/b> \u2013 magnetisk t\u00e5ler st\u00f8d, fugt og snavs bedst, optisk giver den h\u00f8jeste opl\u00f8sning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Hvad er en encoder?<\/h2>\n<p>En roterende encoder, ogs\u00e5 kaldet drejegiver, pulsgiver eller vinkelgiver, sidder p\u00e5 en motoraksel, et hjul eller en valse og oms\u00e6tter bev\u00e6gelsen til elektriske signaler. Styresystemet bruger dem til at regulere omdrejningstal, m\u00e5le l\u00e6ngde eller positionere en akse.<\/p>\n<p>Der findes to hovedtyper. En inkrementel encoder fort\u00e6ller, at akslen har bev\u00e6get sig, og hvor meget. En absolut encoder fort\u00e6ller, hvor akslen st\u00e5r. Forskellen m\u00e6rkes tydeligst, n\u00e5r str\u00f8mmen afbrydes.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-pulsgivare-f1-da.webp\" alt=\"To kodeskiver. Den inkrementelle har et j\u00e6vnt stregm\u00f8nster og en referencemarkering. Den absolutte har flere spor, der giver en unik kode for hver vinkelposition.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"620\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Den inkrementelle encoder t\u00e6ller streger. Den absolutte afl\u00e6ser en unik kode for hver position.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Inkrementel eller absolut \u2013 s\u00e5dan virker de<\/h2>\n<h3>Inkrementel encoder<\/h3>\n<p>En inkrementel encoder giver et bestemt antal pulser pr. omdrejning, for eksempel 1 024. Styresystemet t\u00e6ller pulserne fra et referencepunkt. Kanalerne A og B er forskudt en kvart periode, 90\u00b0, i forhold til hinanden. Ud fra r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen mellem kanalerne ser styresystemet oml\u00f8bsretningen, og ved at t\u00e6lle alle flanker f\u00e5r det fire gange s\u00e5 h\u00f8j opl\u00f8sning: 1 024 pulser bliver til 4 096 trin pr. omdrejning. Kanal Z, nulpulsen, kommer \u00e9n gang pr. omdrejning og bruges som reference.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-pulsgivare-f2-da.webp\" alt=\"Signalerne A, B og Z fra en inkrementel encoder. A og B er firkantb\u00f8lger forskudt 90 grader i forhold til hinanden. Z giver \u00e9n puls pr. omdrejning.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"580\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>A og B er forskudt 90\u00b0. R\u00e6kkef\u00f8lgen viser retningen, Z giver \u00e9n reference pr. omdrejning.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ulempen er, at t\u00e6lleren nulstilles, hvis str\u00f8mmen afbrydes, og forstyrrelser kan give ekstra eller manglende pulser. Maskinen skal s\u00e5 k\u00f8re til en referenceposition, f\u00f8r den ved, hvor den er.<\/p>\n<h3>Absolut encoder<\/h3>\n<p>En absolut encoder afl\u00e6ser en unik kode for hver vinkelposition. Opl\u00f8sningen angives i bit: 12 bit giver 4 096 positioner pr. omdrejning, 16 bit giver 65 536. Positionen er kendt straks ved opstart, ogs\u00e5 selv om akslen er blevet drejet, mens str\u00f8mmen var v\u00e6k.<\/p>\n<p>En <b>singleturn<\/b>-encoder begynder forfra ved hver omdrejning og r\u00e6kker, n\u00e5r bev\u00e6gelsen er h\u00f8jst \u00e9n omdrejning, for eksempel en ventil eller et drejebord. En <b>multiturn<\/b>-encoder t\u00e6ller desuden antallet af omdrejninger, ofte 4 096 eller flere. Det er n\u00f8dvendigt, n\u00e5r en spindel, et wirespil eller en tandstang laver mange omdrejninger. Omdrejningerne t\u00e6lles med tandhjul, med batteri eller med en s\u00e5kaldt Wiegand-tr\u00e5d, der henter energi fra selve bev\u00e6gelsen og klarer sig uden batteri.<\/p>\n<h2>Interfaces: HTL, TTL, SSI, BiSS og feltbusser<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Interface<\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Velegnet til<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">HTL (push-pull)<\/td>\n<td>Inkrementelle pulser, 10\u201330 V<\/td>\n<td>PLC-indgange og t\u00e6llerkort i 24 V-milj\u00f8, god st\u00f8jimmunitet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">TTL (RS422)<\/td>\n<td>Inkrementelle pulser, 5 V differentielt<\/td>\n<td>Frekvensomformere og servodrev, h\u00f8je frekvenser<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">SSI<\/td>\n<td>Absolut, seriel punkt-til-punkt<\/td>\n<td>Hurtige positionsdata til PLC eller drev<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">BiSS C<\/td>\n<td>Absolut, seriel, \u00e5ben og tovejs<\/td>\n<td>Servomotorer og pr\u00e6cisionsakser, der kr\u00e6ver hastighed og diagnose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">CANopen, SAE J1939<\/td>\n<td>Feltbus<\/td>\n<td>Mobile maskiner med flere encodere p\u00e5 samme kabel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">PROFINET, EtherCAT, EtherNet\/IP<\/td>\n<td>Industrielt Ethernet<\/td>\n<td>Fabrikker, hvor encoderen tilsluttes direkte til PLC-netv\u00e6rket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">IO-Link<\/td>\n<td>Punkt-til-punkt via M12<\/td>\n<td>Enkle positionsopgaver med konfiguration fra PLC&#8217;en<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mange moderne encodere er programmerbare, s\u00e5 pulstal, udgangstype og t\u00e6lleretning kan indstilles med et v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j. S\u00e5 skal du have f\u00e6rre varianter p\u00e5 reservedelslageret.<\/p>\n<h2>Aksel eller hulaksel, optisk eller magnetisk<\/h2>\n<p>En encoder med <b>aksel<\/b> forbindes med maskinens aksel via en fleksibel kobling, der optager oprettningsfejl. En encoder med <b>hulaksel<\/b> skubbes direkte ind p\u00e5 motorakslen og holdes fast med en momentst\u00f8tte. Hulaksel sparer plads og kobling, mens encodere med aksel er nemme at udskifte og beskytter encoderens lejer mod bev\u00e6gelser i maskinens aksel.<\/p>\n<p><b>Optiske<\/b> encodere afl\u00e6ser en kodeskive med lys og giver meget h\u00f8j opl\u00f8sning og n\u00f8jagtighed, men er f\u00f8lsomme over for kondens, snavs og kraftige st\u00f8d. <b>Magnetiske<\/b> encodere afl\u00e6ser en magnet med en Hall- eller magnetoresistiv sensor. De t\u00e5ler vibrationer, fugt og snavs bedre og er ofte f\u00f8rstevalget p\u00e5 mobile maskiner og udend\u00f8rs.<\/p>\n<h2>Hvilken skal jeg v\u00e6lge?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Hvis du har brug for at \u2026<\/th>\n<th>s\u00e5 v\u00e6lg<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">M\u00e5le omdrejningstal eller b\u00e5ndhastighed<\/td>\n<td>Inkrementel, HTL eller TTL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Kende positionen straks efter str\u00f8msvigt<\/td>\n<td>Absolut multiturn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">M\u00e5le en vinkel inden for \u00e9n omdrejning<\/td>\n<td>Absolut singleturn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">F\u00e5 tilbagemelding til en servomotor<\/td>\n<td>Absolut med BiSS C eller SSI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Have en encoder p\u00e5 en mobil maskin i vind og vejr<\/td>\n<td>Magnetisk absolut encoder med CANopen eller J1939 og IP67 eller h\u00f8jere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Bruge forskellige pulstal i forskellige maskiner<\/td>\n<td>Programmerbar inkrementel encoder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Inkrementel, hvor positionen skal bevares.<\/b> Efter et str\u00f8msvigt skal maskinen referencek\u00f8res, hvilket ikke altid kan lade sig g\u00f8re med last p\u00e5. V\u00e6lg en absolut encoder.<\/li>\n<li><b>Forkert signalniveau.<\/b> En 5 V TTL-encoder giver ikke et sikkert signal p\u00e5 en 24 V-indgang, og en HTL-encoder kan beskadige en TTL-indgang.<\/li>\n<li><b>Stiv kobling.<\/b> Opretningsfejl, der ikke optages af en fleksibel kobling, slider encoderens lejer op.<\/li>\n<li><b>Langt usk\u00e6rmet kabel.<\/b> Forstyrrelser giver ekstra eller manglende pulser. Brug sk\u00e6rmet, parsnoet kabel og differentielle signaler.<\/li>\n<li><b>Singleturn til flere omdrejninger.<\/b> Encoderen begynder forfra ved hver omdrejning og kan ikke skelne omdrejningerne fra hinanden.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Hvor bruges inkrementelle og absolutte encodere?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fabrik og emballage<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e6ngdem\u00e5ling p\u00e5 b\u00e5nd, afkortning, etikettering og synkronisering af valser.<\/li>\n<li><b>Kraner og l\u00f8ft<\/b> \u2013 l\u00f8fteh\u00f8jde p\u00e5 wirespil, drejevinkel og position p\u00e5 traverskraner.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mobile maskiner<\/b> \u2013 styrevinkel, bomvinkel og position af redskaber.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energi<\/b> \u2013 pitchvinkel og kr\u00f8jning i vindm\u00f8ller, vinklen p\u00e5 solcellepaneler med solf\u00f8lger.<\/li>\n<li><b>Infrastruktur<\/b> \u2013 sluseporte, klapbroer, scenemaskineri og porte.<\/li>\n<li><b>Medicoteknik<\/b> \u2013 positionering af patientlejer og r\u00f8ntgenudstyr.<\/li>\n<li><b>Forsvar<\/b> \u2013 drejning af antenner, master og sensorplatforme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Encodere hos SCN<\/h2>\n<p>Vi har inkrementelle og absolutte encodere fra Posital med blandt andet CANopen, EtherCAT og IO-Link, programmerbare inkrementelle encodere med HTL- eller TTL-udgang og varianter med IP68 og IP69K til mobile maskiner.<\/p>\n<h3>Eksempler fra vores sortiment<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/ucd-ec00b-0016-hets-prm-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pic_UCD-EC00B-0016-HETS-PRM.jpeg\" alt=\"Posital UCD-EC00B-0016-HETS-PRM Absolut enkoder\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">UCD-EC00B-0016-HETS-PRM Absolut enkoder<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Absolut encoder med EtherCAT til fabriksautomation, IP66\/IP67 og \u221240 til +85 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/ucd-ca01b-1216-d10d-prv-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/UCD-CA01B-1216-D10D-PRV.jpeg\" alt=\"Posital UCD-CA01B-1216-D10D-PRV Absolut enkoder\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">UCD-CA01B-1216-D10D-PRV Absolut enkoder<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Absolut encoder med CANopen til mobile maskiner, IP68 og IP69K. Bevarer positionen, ogs\u00e5 n\u00e5r str\u00f8mmen forsvinder.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/ucd-iph00-xxxxx-0340-2rw-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/UCD-S101B-0013-0340-2RW.png\" alt=\"Posital UCD-IPH00-XXXXX-0340-2RW inkrementel encoder\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Posital<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">UCD-IPH00-XXXXX-0340-2RW inkrementel encoder<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Programmerbar inkrementel encoder med 1\u201316 384 pulser pr. omdrejning og push-pull- (HTL) eller RS422-udgang (TTL).<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/absolute-encoders-da\/\">Absolutte drejegivere<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/incremental-encoders\/\">Inkrementelle encodere<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/inclination-sensors-da\/\">H\u00e6ldningssensorer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/network-products-2\/can-interfaces-da\/\">CAN-interfaces<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/\">Sensorer<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Usikker p\u00e5 type, opl\u00f8sning eller interface? Fort\u00e6l om akslen og styresystemet, s\u00e5 hj\u00e6lper vores ingeni\u00f8rer dig med at v\u00e6lge \u2013 du f\u00e5r svar inden for 24 timer.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/kontakt\/\">Sp\u00f8rg en ingeni\u00f8r<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad er forskellen p\u00e5 en absolut og en inkrementel encoder?<\/summary>\n<p>En inkrementel encoder giver pulser, der t\u00e6lles fra en reference, og mister positionen ved str\u00f8msvigt. En absolut encoder giver en unik kode for hver position og ved, hvor akslen st\u00e5r, straks ved opstart.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad betyder PPR?<\/summary>\n<p>PPR st\u00e5r for pulses per revolution, pulser pr. omdrejning. Med firedobbelt dekodning af A og B giver 1 000 PPR 4 000 trin pr. omdrejning.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad er forskellen p\u00e5 HTL og TTL?<\/summary>\n<p>HTL arbejder med samme sp\u00e6nding som forsyningen, oftest 10\u201330 V, og passer til PLC-indgange. TTL efter RS422 er et differentielt 5 V-signal, der passer til drev og h\u00f8je frekvenser.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kr\u00e6ver en absolut encoder batteri?<\/summary>\n<p>En singleturn-encoder kr\u00e6ver aldrig batteri. Multiturn-encodere t\u00e6ller omdrejninger med tandhjul, batteri eller en Wiegand-tr\u00e5d, og tandhjul og Wiegand-teknik klarer sig uden batteri.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad er SSI?<\/summary>\n<p>SSI (synkront serielt interface) er et enkelt punkt-til-punkt-interface, hvor styresystemet sender clockpulser, og encoderen svarer med positionen bit for bit. Det er udbredt til absolutte encodere.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En encoder, eller drejegiver, fort\u00e6ller, hvordan en aksel roterer: hvor hurtigt, i hvilken retning og i hvilken position. Her gennemg\u00e5r vi forskellen p\u00e5 inkrementelle og absolutte encodere, singleturn og multiturn, interfaces og mekanik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234386,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"absolut encoder","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Absolut eller inkrementel encoder? Forskellen p\u00e5 typerne, singleturn og multiturn, HTL, TTL, SSI, BiSS og feltbusser \u2013 og hvordan du v\u00e6lger rigtigt.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[696,697],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1011,1012,1037],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":26,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8234563","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Absolut eller inkrementel encoder? S\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du | SCN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Absolut eller inkrementel encoder? 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