{"id":8234561,"date":"2026-10-24T17:30:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/?post_type=scn_guide&#038;p=8234561"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:30:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:30:03","slug":"induktiv-sensor","status":"publish","type":"scn_guide","link":"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/guider\/induktiv-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"Induktiv sensor \u2013 s\u00e5dan virker den, og s\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"scn-guide\">\n<h1>Induktiv sensor \u2013 s\u00e5dan virker den, og s\u00e5dan v\u00e6lger du<\/h1>\n<p class=\"g-lead\">En induktiv sensor registrerer metal uden ber\u00f8ring og har ingen mekaniske dele, der slides. Her gennemg\u00e5r vi, hvordan den virker, hvad registreringsafstanden betyder i praksis, og hvordan du v\u00e6lger montage, udgang og robusthed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-short\"><b class=\"t\">Kort svar<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Registrerer kun metal<\/b> \u2013 fra under en millimeter til nogle f\u00e5 centimeter, uden ber\u00f8ring og slid.<\/li>\n<li><b>Regn med den sikre afstand<\/b> \u2013 h\u00f8jst 81 % af den nominelle afstand Sn og kortere for rustfrit st\u00e5l, messing, aluminium og kobber.<\/li>\n<li><b>Indbygget eller fremst\u00e5ende<\/b> \u2013 indbygget (flush) kan sidde i plan med metal, fremst\u00e5ende (non-flush) n\u00e5r l\u00e6ngere, men kr\u00e6ver frit rum.<\/li>\n<li><b>PNP og NO<\/b> er mest udbredt i Europa. Kontroll\u00e9r, hvad PLC-indgangen forventer.<\/li>\n<li><b>Barsk milj\u00f8<\/b> \u2013 rustfrit hus og IP69K til h\u00f8jtryksrensning, svejsefeltimmun sensor ved punktsvejsning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Hvad er en induktiv sensor, og hvordan virker den?<\/h2>\n<p>En induktiv sensor, ogs\u00e5 kaldet induktiv n\u00e6rhedsf\u00f8ler, er en elektronisk kontakt, der skifter, n\u00e5r metal kommer t\u00e6t p\u00e5. Den bruges overalt, hvor en maskine skal vide, om noget er p\u00e5 plads: et v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j, et tandhjul, en palle eller en lukket l\u00e5ge.<\/p>\n<p>I fronten sidder en spole, der sammen med en oscillator skaber et vekslende magnetfelt. N\u00e5r metal kommer ind i feltet, opst\u00e5r der hvirvelstr\u00f8mme, som tager energi fra oscillatoren. N\u00e5r d\u00e6mpningen bliver stor nok, skifter udgangen. Sensoren har ingen bev\u00e6gelige dele og p\u00e5virkes ikke af st\u00f8v, olie og snavs, s\u00e5dan som en optisk sensor g\u00f8r.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-induktiva-f1-da.webp\" alt=\"Principskitse af en induktiv sensor: spolen i fronten skaber et vekslende magnetfelt, en metalgenstand d\u00e6mper feltet med hvirvelstr\u00f8mme, og udgangen skifter.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"500\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Spolen skaber et felt. N\u00e5r metal kommer t\u00e6t p\u00e5, d\u00e6mpes feltet, og udgangen skifter.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Registreringsafstand og montage<\/h2>\n<p>Afstanden i databladet er den nominelle registreringsafstand, Sn. Den m\u00e5les mod en standardplade af konstruktionsst\u00e5l, 1 mm tyk, efter IEC 60947-5-2. I praksis varierer den med temperatur, sp\u00e6nding og fra eksemplar til eksemplar.<\/p>\n<p>Derfor findes den sikre registreringsafstand, Sa, der er h\u00f8jst 81 % af Sn. Inden for Sa skifter sensoren med sikkerhed, s\u00e5 konstru\u00e9r efter Sa. En M18-sensor med Sn 8 mm skal have emnet inden for ca. 6,5 mm. Et emne, der er mindre end standardpladen, giver ogs\u00e5 kortere afstand.<\/p>\n<h3>Reduktionsfaktor \u2013 forskellige metaller giver forskellig afstand<\/h3>\n<p>Andre metaller end st\u00e5l registreres p\u00e5 kortere afstand. Gang Sn med metallets reduktionsfaktor. V\u00e6rdierne er typiske; kontroll\u00e9r databladet. Der findes ogs\u00e5 sensorer med faktor 1, der registrerer alle metaller p\u00e5 samme afstand.<\/p>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Metal<\/th>\n<th>Typisk faktor<\/th>\n<th>M18 med Sn 8 mm n\u00e5r cirka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Konstruktionsst\u00e5l<\/td>\n<td>1,0<\/td>\n<td>8 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Rustfrit st\u00e5l<\/td>\n<td>0,7\u20130,85<\/td>\n<td>5,5\u20137 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Messing<\/td>\n<td>0,4\u20130,5<\/td>\n<td>3\u20134 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Aluminium<\/td>\n<td>0,3\u20130,45<\/td>\n<td>2,5\u20133,5 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Kobber<\/td>\n<td>0,25\u20130,4<\/td>\n<td>2\u20133 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Indbygget eller fremst\u00e5ende?<\/h3>\n<p>En <b>indbygget<\/b> sensor (flush) har en sk\u00e6rm omkring spolen, s\u00e5 feltet g\u00e5r lige frem. Den kan monteres i plan med metal. En <b>fremst\u00e5ende<\/b> sensor (non-flush) har et bredere felt og cirka 1,5\u20132 gange l\u00e6ngere afstand i samme st\u00f8rrelse. Til geng\u00e6ld skal hovedet have en metalfri zone omkring sig, ellers registrerer sensoren sit eget beslag. Sidder flere sensorer t\u00e6t, kan felterne forstyrre hinanden \u2013 overhold afstandene i databladet.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/scn-guide-induktiva-f2-da.webp\" alt=\"Sammenligning: en indbygget sensor sidder i plan med en metalplade og har et smalt felt. En fremst\u00e5ende sensor stikker op af pladen, har et bredere felt og kr\u00e6ver en metalfri zone omkring hovedet.\" width=\"1520\" height=\"580\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>En indbygget sensor kan sidde i plan med metal. En fremst\u00e5ende sensor n\u00e5r l\u00e6ngere, men kr\u00e6ver frit rum.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Udgang og tilslutning: PNP, NPN, NO, NC og IO-Link<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>PNP<\/b> kobler plus til belastningen. Standard for de fleste PLC-indgange i Europa.<\/li>\n<li><b>NPN<\/b> kobler belastningen til minus. Udbredt i asiatiske og \u00e6ldre maskiner.<\/li>\n<li><b>NO (sluttende)<\/b> er aktiv, n\u00e5r der er metal foran sensoren, <b>NC (brydende)<\/b> n\u00e5r der ikke er metal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ledere<\/th>\n<th>Bruges n\u00e5r<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">2-leder<\/td>\n<td>Forsyning og signal i de samme to ledere, DC eller AC<\/td>\n<td>Sensoren erstatter en endestopkontakt eller sidder i serie med et rel\u00e6. Kr\u00e6ver en minimal belastningsstr\u00f8m og har en lille l\u00e6kstr\u00f8m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">3-leder<\/td>\n<td>Plus, minus og udgang<\/td>\n<td>Standardvalget mod PLC-indgange.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">4-leder<\/td>\n<td>Plus, minus og to udgange<\/td>\n<td>Du vil have b\u00e5de NO og NC eller en koblingsudgang plus IO-Link.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">IO-Link<\/td>\n<td>Tre ledere, usk\u00e6rmet kabel op til 20 m<\/td>\n<td>Du vil indstille sensoren fra PLC&#8217;en, l\u00e6se diagnose og skifte sensor uden at justere igen (IEC 61131-9).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Stikket er oftest M8 p\u00e5 sm\u00e5 sensorer og M12 p\u00e5 resten. Farverne er standardiserede: brun plus, bl\u00e5 minus, sort udgang og hvid anden udgang. Et stik g\u00f8r sensorskift meget hurtigere end fast kabel.<\/p>\n<h2>Induktiv, kapacitiv eller Hall-sensor?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"g-tbl\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Sensortype<\/th>\n<th>Registrerer<\/th>\n<th>Velegnet til<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Induktiv<\/td>\n<td>Metal p\u00e5 kort afstand<\/td>\n<td>Positioner, endepositioner, tandhjul og metaldele<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Kapacitiv<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e6sten alt: metal, plast, tr\u00e6, v\u00e6sker og granulat<\/td>\n<td>Niveau i tanke og siloer, ogs\u00e5 gennem plast- eller glasv\u00e6g. P\u00e5virkes af fugt og bel\u00e6gninger.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"n\">Hall-effekt<\/td>\n<td>Magnetfelter: en magnet eller t\u00e6nder af jern og st\u00e5l<\/td>\n<td>Omdrejningstal og oml\u00f8bsretning, ogs\u00e5 ved meget lave omdrejninger, og position gennem en v\u00e6g af aluminium eller rustfrit st\u00e5l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tommelfingerregel: er emnet af metal og afstanden kort, s\u00e5 v\u00e6lg induktiv. Er det noget andet end metal, s\u00e5 v\u00e6lg kapacitiv. Skal du m\u00e5le omdrejningstal og retning p\u00e5 et tandhjul i et barskt milj\u00f8, s\u00e5 v\u00e6lg en Hall-sensor.<\/p>\n<h2>Hvor bruges induktive sensorer?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fabrik og emballage<\/b> \u2013 position af v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer og sl\u00e6der, opt\u00e6lling af metall\u00e5g, kontrol af at emnet ligger i fiksturen.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mobile maskiner<\/b> \u2013 position af bomme og st\u00f8tteben, omdrejningstal p\u00e5 hjul og aksler i kraner, landbrugs- og skovmaskiner.<\/li>\n<li><b>F\u00f8devarer og medicinalindustri<\/b> \u2013 transportb\u00e5nd og fyldemaskiner, der spules hver dag.<\/li>\n<li><b>Bilindustrien<\/b> \u2013 kontrol af, at pladedele sidder p\u00e5 plads, f\u00f8r robotten svejser.<\/li>\n<li><b>Infrastruktur og transport<\/b> \u2013 endepositioner p\u00e5 sluseporte, broer og sporskifter, d\u00f8rpositioner p\u00e5 tog og busser.<\/li>\n<li><b>Energi<\/b> \u2013 positionstilbagemelding fra spj\u00e6ld og ventiler i kraft- og varmev\u00e6rker.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Robusthed og almindelige fejl<\/h2>\n<p>IP67 r\u00e6kker til de fleste maskiner. H\u00f8jtryksrensning med varmt vand kr\u00e6ver IP69K, gerne med rustfrit hus og front. Ved punktsvejsning kan kraftige magnetfelter f\u00e5 almindelige sensorer til at skifte forkert, og svejsespr\u00f8jt s\u00e6tter sig fast p\u00e5 fronten. V\u00e6lg da svejsefeltimmune sensorer med en bel\u00e6gning, som spr\u00f8jtet ikke h\u00e6nger fast i.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"g-pit\">\n<li><b>Man konstruerer efter Sn.<\/b> Regn med h\u00f8jst 81 % af Sn og med reduktionsfaktoren, hvis emnet ikke er af st\u00e5l.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fremst\u00e5ende sensor i metalbeslag.<\/b> Sensoren registrerer sit eget beslag og giver signal hele tiden.<\/li>\n<li><b>Forkert udgangstype.<\/b> En NPN-sensor p\u00e5 en PNP-indgang virker ikke. Kontroll\u00e9r ogs\u00e5 NO eller NC.<\/li>\n<li><b>2-leder-sensor p\u00e5 f\u00f8lsomme indgange.<\/b> L\u00e6kstr\u00f8mmen kan v\u00e6re nok til, at en elektronisk indgang tolker signalet som h\u00f8jt.<\/li>\n<li><b>Sensoren bruges som mekanisk stop.<\/b> Emnet skal passere foran sensoren, ikke st\u00f8de ind i den. Lad et anslag tage kraften.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Induktive sensorer hos SCN<\/h2>\n<p>Vi har induktive sensorer fra Mibbo og Wenglor: gevindsk\u00e5rne minisensorer fra M4, sensorer med lang r\u00e6kkevidde op til M30, DC- eller AC-forsyning, analog udgang og rustfrie huse med IP69K. Vi har ogs\u00e5 kapacitive sensorer og Hall-sensorer.<\/p>\n<h3>Eksempler fra vores sortiment<\/h3>\n<div class=\"g-prod\"><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/i12h019-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/I12H019.jpg\" alt=\"Wenglor I12H019 induktiv sensor\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Wenglor<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">I12H019 induktiv sensor<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Induktiv sensor med IO-Link: tre registreringsafstande, PNP eller NPN og NO eller NC indstilles i \u00e9n sensor. IP67.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/iyk-anti-interference-inductive-sensor-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mibbo-iyk-main.webp\" alt=\"Mibbo IYK interferenssikker induktiv sensor\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Mibbo<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">IYK interferenssikker induktiv sensor<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Interferenssikker sensor til montage side om side og elektromagnetisk st\u00f8jende maskiner. NPN eller PNP, NO eller NC.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"g-pc\" href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare\/2-channel-differential-hall-m18-da\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/2-Channel_HD_M18.jpeg\" alt=\"Rheintacho 2-kanals differentiel Hall-sensor M18\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><span class=\"g-pb\">Rheintacho<\/span><span class=\"g-pn\">2-kanals differentiel Hall-sensor M18<\/span><span class=\"g-pw\">Hall-effekt-sensor i rustfrit M18-hus, der m\u00e5ler omdrejningstal og retning, 0,1\u201320 kHz.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/inductive-sensors\/\">Induktive sensorer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/capacitive-sensors-da\/\">Kapacitive sensorer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/hall-effect-sensors-da\/\">Hall-effekt-sensorer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/sensors-da\/\">Sensorer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/vare-kategori\/produkter\/connectors-and-cables-da\/\">Stik og kabler<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"g-cta\">\n<p>Usikker p\u00e5 afstand, udgang eller robusthed? Beskriv emnet og milj\u00f8et, s\u00e5 hj\u00e6lper vores ingeni\u00f8rer dig med at v\u00e6lge den rigtige sensor \u2013 du f\u00e5r svar inden for 24 timer.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scn.eu\/da\/kontakt\/\">Sp\u00f8rg en ingeni\u00f8r<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l<\/h2>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvad er forskellen p\u00e5 PNP og NPN?<\/summary>\n<p>En PNP-sensor kobler plus til belastningen, en NPN-sensor kobler belastningen til minus. Sensoren skal passe til indgangen i styresystemet.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kan en induktiv sensor registrere aluminium?<\/summary>\n<p>Ja, men p\u00e5 kortere afstand. Med en reduktionsfaktor omkring 0,3\u20130,45 bliver afstanden cirka en tredjedel af den nominelle. V\u00e6lg en sensor med faktor 1, hvis afstanden er kritisk.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Hvor langt kan en induktiv sensor registrere?<\/summary>\n<p>Fra under en millimeter for de mindste sensorer til ca. 40 mm for M30-sensorer med lang r\u00e6kkevidde. St\u00f8rre diameter og fremst\u00e5ende montage giver l\u00e6ngere afstand.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kan en induktiv sensor registrere gennem en v\u00e6g?<\/summary>\n<p>Gennem en tynd v\u00e6g af plast, ja. Gennem metal nej, s\u00e5 registrerer den v\u00e6ggen. Her bruger man i stedet en Hall-sensor og en magnet p\u00e5 emnet.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En induktiv sensor registrerer metal uden ber\u00f8ring og har ingen mekaniske dele, der slides. Her gennemg\u00e5r vi, hvordan den virker, hvad registreringsafstanden betyder i praksis, og hvordan du v\u00e6lger montage, udgang og robusthed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8234283,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"induktiv sensor","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Induktiv sensor: s\u00e5dan virker den, nominel og sikker registreringsafstand, reduktionsfaktor, flush eller non-flush, PNP\/NPN, IO-Link og IP69K.","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_scn_guide_cats":[681,56932,678],"_scn_guide_sectors":[1011,1037],"_scn_guide_type":"tech","_scn_guide_order":22,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8234561","scn_guide","type-scn_guide","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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